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List of automotive superlatives: Difference between revisions

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[[Automobile]]s are frequently judged in their industry by many superlatives: the ''smallest'', ''largest'', ''fastest'', ''lightest'', ''best-selling'', and so on. They vary greatly in size, [[engine displacement]], power, price, and many other traits.
 
In order to keep the entries relevant, the list (except for the firsts section) is limited to automobiles built after World War II, and lists superlatives for earlier vehicles separately. The list is also limited to production road cars that:
#are constructed principally for retail sale to consumers, for their personal use, and to transport people on public roads (no commercial or industrial vehicles are eligible);
#have had 20 or more instances made by the [[automotive industry|original vehicle manufacturer]], and offered for commercial sale to the public in new condition (cars modified by either professional tuners or individuals are not eligible); and;
#are [[street-legal vehicle|street-legal]] in their intended markets, and capable of passing any official tests or inspections required to be granted this status.
 
==Vehicle dimensions==
===Overall===
*Longest
**Current production car - {{convert|6165|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Maybach 62]]
**Production car - {{convert|6248|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 1964 [[Mercedes-Benz 600]] Limousine
**Limited-production car - {{convert|6426|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 1975 [[Cadillac Fleetwood|Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five]] Limousine<ref name="mindspring.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mindspring.com/~dburden/wheelbase.html|title=Physical Dimensions for Fleetwood Limousines|accessdate=2009-10-31|work=mindspring.com|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070402083046/http://www.mindspring.com/~dburden/wheelbase.html|archivedate=2009-10-25|deadurl=yes}}</ref> 
**Pickup Truck - {{convert|6650|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Ford F-350]] Super Duty Crew Cab Long Bed
**Commercial - {{convert|7345|mm|1|abbr=on}} - [[Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]] LWB / [[Volkswagen Crafter]] LWB
*Widest
**Production car - {{convert|2058|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Lamborghini Murcielago]] LP670-4 SV
**Pickup Truck - {{convert|2438|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Dodge Ram]] 3500
**Commercial - {{convert|2474|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Unimog|Unimog U5000]]
*Tallest
**Production car - {{convert|1632|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2006 [[Rolls-Royce Phantom (BMW)|Rolls Royce Phantom]]
**Pickup Truck - {{convert|2057|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2006 [[Ford F-350]] Super Duty Crew Cab Long Bed
**SUV - {{convert|2083|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2003 Hummer H2
**Commercial - {{convert|2676|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Unimog|Unimog U5000]]
*Shortest
**Limited-production car - {{convert|1340|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 1962 [[Peel P50]] (3 wheels)
**Production car - {{convert|2500|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 1998 [[Smart Fortwo]]
**Current production car - {{convert|2695|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Smart Fortwo]]
*Lowest
**Limited-production car - {{convert|736.6|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 1969 Probe 15<ref name="Specialist Sports Cars, Peter J. Filby, p.74">Specialist Sports Cars, Peter J. Filby, p.74</ref>
**Current limited-production car - {{convert|1041|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Saleen S7]]
**Current production car - {{convert|1135|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Lamborghini Murcielago]]
 
===[[Wheelbase]]===
*Longest
**Production car - {{convert|3893|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 1964 [[Mercedes-Benz 600]] Limousine
**Pickup Truck - {{convert|4379|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2005 [[Ford F-Series|Ford F-350 Super Duty Crew Cab]]
**Commercial - {{convert|5080|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2005 [[Ford F-Series|Ford F-550 Super Duty Chassis Crew Cab]]
*Shortest
**Limited-production car - {{convert|1270|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 1962 [[Peel P50]]
**Production car - {{convert|1500|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 1956 [[Isetta]]
**Current production car - {{convert|1867|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Smart Fortwo]]
 
===Track===
*Widest Front
**Production car - {{convert|1685|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2003 [[Rolls-Royce Phantom (2003)]]
**Pickup truck - {{convert|1742|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Dodge Ram]] 2500
**Commercial - {{convert|1930|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 Dodge Ram 4500 Chassis Cab
*Widest Rear
**Production car - {{convert|1695|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2003 [[Maybach 57]]/62
**Pickup truck - {{convert|1925|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Dodge Ram]] 3500 Crew Cab Dual Rear Wheels
**Commercial - {{convert|1927|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 2009 [[Unimog|Unimog U4000]]
*Narrowest Front
**Limited-production car - {{convert|990|mm|1|abbr=on}} - [[Peel P50]]
**Production car - {{convert|1275|mm|1|abbr=on}} - 1998 Smart Fortwo
*Narrowest Rear
**Production car - {{convert|521|mm|1|abbr=on}} - [[Isetta]]
 
===Weight===
*Heaviest Curb Weight
**Production car - {{convert|2855|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} - 2003 [[Maybach 62]]
**SUV - {{convert|3428|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}] - 2006 [[Hummer H1|Hummer H1 Alpha Wagon]]
**Pickup truck - {{convert|3544|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Dodge Ram]] 3500 Mega Cab 4wd Short Bed Dual Rear Wheel
**Limited-production car - {{convert|4536|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} - 2009 Cadillac Presidential Limousine (estimated) <ref>http://consumerguideauto.howstuffworks.com/the-presidential-limousine.htm></ref>
**Commercial - {{convert|5350|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} - 2009 [[Unimog]] U5000 Long Wheelbase
*Lightest
**Limited-production car - {{convert|59|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} [[DIN]] - 1962 [[Peel P50]] (3 wheels)
**Production car - {{convert|406|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} - 1964 [[Mini Moke]]
**Current production car - {{convert|825|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Smart Fortwo]]
**Current production racecar - {{convert|456|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} - 1996 [[Ariel Atom]]
 
==[[internal combustion engine|Engines]]==
===[[Engine displacement]]===
====Smallest====
* {{convert|49|cc|1}} - 1963 [[Peel P50]]
** (100+ produced) - {{convert|322|cc|1}} - 1956 [[Berkeley Cars#Sports (SA322 and SE328)|Berkeley SA322]]
 
====Largest====
* 1911 Fiat S76 28.3 Litres
* 1912 Benz 82/200, 21.5 litre (1,312 in3) [[inline-four engine]]
** (Currently produced) - 2008+ [[Dodge Viper]], 8.4 litre (510 in3) [[V10 engine]]
*** ([[Crate engine]] only) - GM Performance ZZ572, 9.4 litre (572 in3) [[V8 engine]]
 
===[[Power (physics)|Power]]===
====Highest power====
*[[petrol engine|Petrol/Gasoline engine]] ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - {{convert|500|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} - 1995 [[McLaren F1 LM]] (5 built) [[V12 engine]]
**<small>Note: [[Cadillac Sixteen]] (one-off) [[V16 engine]] - {{convert|750|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}</small>
**<small>Note: [[Ferrari FXX|Ferrari FXX Evoluzione]] (30 built) [[V12 engine]] - {{convert|633|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}</small>
**<small>Note: [[Lamborghini Murciélago LP 670-4 SuperVeloce]] [[V12 engine]] - 661&nbsp;hp </small>
*Petrol/Gasoline engine (forced-induction) -  1287 horsepower [[SSC Ultimate Aero TT]]
*[[Diesel engine]] - {{convert|368|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on}} [[DIN]] - [[list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#V12|Audi V12 TDI]] in the [[Audi Q7]]<ref name=AW-Q7>{{cite web|title=The World's most powerful diesel passenger car|url=http://www.audiworld.com/news/06/q7-v12-tdi/|date=11 September 2006|work=[[Audi|AUDI AG]]|publisher=AudiWorld.com|accessdate=28 August 2009}}</ref><ref name=Q7-AudiAG>{{cite web|title=The ultimate high-performance SUV - the new Audi Q7 V12 TDI quattro|url=https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2008/03/02/der_neue_audi_q7_v12.standard.gid-journalisten.html|date=2 March 2008|work=[[Audi|AUDI AG]] - press release|publisher=Audi-MediaServices.com|accessdate=2 October 2009}}</ref>
 
====Highest specific power (power to weight ratio)====
* 1045&nbsp;hp/metric ton (1.91&nbsp;lb/hp) - 2007 [[Caparo T1]] [[V8 engine]] {{convert|429|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|470|kg|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}
 
====Highest specific engine output (power/unit displacement)====
*Production engine- Rotax 124cc,as seen in the Aprilia RS125cc motorcycle.Piston ported 2 stroke, normally aspirated.Makes 33bhp in unrestricted form giving a specific output of 264 bhp per litre.
 
*Petrol/Gasoline ([[naturally-aspirated]]) [[piston engine]] - {{convert|106.2|kW|PS hp|1|abbr=on}} per litre{{Dubious|date=April 2010}} - 1994 JDM [[Suzuki Cultus]] Suzuka edition ''[[list of Suzuki engines|R13B]]'' {{convert|138|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} 1.3&nbsp;L [[inline-four engine|I4]]
*Petrol/Gasoline (forced-induction) [[piston engine]] - {{convert|151|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} per litre - 2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X FQ400 {{convert|302|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} 2.0&nbsp;L I4
*Diesel engine (naturally-aspirated) - {{convert|33.4|kW|PS hp|1|abbr=on}} per litre - 1995 [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class|Mercedes E 300 D]] {{convert|100|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} [[DIN]] 3.0&nbsp;L [[straight-six engine|I6]]
*Diesel engine (forced-induction) - {{convert|75.2|kW|PS hp|1|abbr=on}} per litre - 2007 [[BMW]] new [[list of BMW engines#Straight-4|2.0&nbsp;L I4]] [[twin-turbo]] {{convert|150|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} DIN
*[[Naturally-aspirated]] [[pistonless rotary engine]] - {{convert|140.5|kW|PS hp|1|abbr=on}} per litre - [[Mazda RX-8]] ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#13B-MSP Renesis|Renesis]]'' {{convert|184|kW|PS hp|0|abbr=on}} [[Japanese Industrial Standard|JIS]] 1.3&nbsp;L
 
===[[Torque]]===
====Highest torque====
*Petrol engine - {{convert|1507|Nm|0|abbr=on|lk=on}}, [[SSC Ultimate Aero TT]]
*Diesel engine - {{convert|1000|Nm|0|abbr=on}}, [[Audi Q7]] V12 TDI 6.0&nbsp;L - {{convert|5934|cc|1|abbr=on|lk=on}} [[twin-turbo]] [[V12 engine]]<ref name=AW-Q7/><ref name=Q7-AudiAG/>
 
====Highest specific torque (torque/unit displacement)====
The [[mean effective pressure]] (MEP) is a useful comparison tool, giving the average cylinder pressure exerted on the piston.
*Petrol engine ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - MEP 15.1&nbsp;bar, {{convert|120|Nm|0|abbr=on}} per litre - [[Ferrari 458 Italia]] {{convert|540|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
*Petrol engine (forced-induction) - MEP 34&nbsp;bar, {{convert|271|Nm|0|abbr=on}} per litre - 2009 [[Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution|Mitsubishi Evo X]] ''MR FQ-400'' {{convert|542|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
*Petrol engine ([[naturally-aspirated]] [[pistonless rotary engine]]) - MEP 21.5&nbsp;bar, {{convert|170.8|Nm|1|abbr=on}} per litre - 2005 [[Mazda RX-8]] {{convert|222|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
*Petrol engine (forced-induction [[pistonless rotary engine]]) - MEP 28.4&nbsp;bar, {{convert|226.3|Nm|1|abbr=on}} per litre - 1995 [[Mazda RX-7]] ''Turbo'' {{convert|294|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
*Diesel engine (forced-induction) - MEP 29&nbsp;bar, {{convert|233|Nm|0|abbr=on}} per litre - 2008 [[Mercedes-Benz C-Class#W204|Mercedes-Benz C-Class]] 250CDI BlueEfficiency {{convert|500|Nm|0|abbr=on}}
 
==Economy==
;USA measurements
*Highest USA [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] mileage - {{convert|48|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}/{{convert|60|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}} - 2001 [[Honda Insight]] 5-speed
**Note: in 2007 the EPA changed its measurement standards, changing the rating to {{convert|48|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}/{{convert|58|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}
*Lowest USA EPA mileage - {{convert|6|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}/{{convert|10|mpgus|L/100 km mpgimp|abbr=on}}  - 1986-1990 [[Lamborghini Countach]]
;European Union measurements
*Lowest EU fuel consumption - {{convert|2.99|L/100 km|abbr=on}} - 2002 [[Volkswagen Lupo]] 1.2 TDI 5-speed
*Highest EU fuel consumption - {{convert|24.1|L/100 km|abbr=on}} combined city/hwy 2008 [[Bugatti Veyron]] 16.4
*Longest 90% range - {{convert|1658|km|0|abbr=on}} - 2010 [[Volkswagen Passat]] 77&nbsp;kW TDI BlueMotion with 6-speed manual and {{convert|70|L|1|abbr=on}} fuel tank, calculated by using extra-urban Euro cycle mileage of {{convert|3.8|L/100 km|abbr=on}}
 
==Price==
*Most expensive - $6,000,000 [[Maybach Exelero]]
*Most inexpensive - $125 – 1922 [[Briggs & Stratton Flyer]] ($1,364.22 in 2006, inflation adjusted)
 
==Performance==
{{See also|Fastest production car}}
===Acceleration===
*Quickest {{convert|0|to|100|km/h|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} - 2.46 seconds - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bugatti.com/en/veyron-16.4/technology/acceleration.html|title=2.5 – 7.3 – 16.7 – 55.6|publisher=Bugatti.com|date= |accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref>
*Quickest {{convert|0|to|161|km/h|0|abbr=on}} - 5.3 seconds - [[Ultima GTR]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leftlanenews.com/video-ultima-gtr-sets-new-0-100-0mph-record.html|title=Video: Ultima GTR sets new 0-100-0mph record|publisher=LeftLaneNews.com|date= |accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref>
*Quickest {{convert|0|to|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}} - 7.4 seconds - Auto Motor und Sport - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 <ref name="ReferenceA">This was shown on a n episode of the TV series Top Gear</ref>
*Quickest {{convert|0|to|300|km/h|0|abbr=on}} - 18.2 seconds - Auto Motor Und Sport - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 <ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*Quickest {{convert|0|to|400|km/h|0|abbr=on}} - 55 seconds - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 <ref name="ReferenceA"/>
 
===Top speed===
*Highest top speed: [[SSC Ultimate Aero]] {287.41 MPH / Official Average: 256.15 MPH}{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}
 
===Highest Redline===
*Internal Combustion Production Vehicle: 1964-66 [[Honda S600]] 10,000 rpm
*Electric Production Vehicle: 2008 [[Tesla Roadster]] 14,000 rpm
 
==Sales==
:''See also [[List of bestselling vehicle nameplates]]''
* Best-selling models:
** Best-selling vehicle nameplate - [[Toyota Corolla]] ''(more than 32,000,000 sold in nine generations since 1966)''
** Best-selling single model - [[Volkswagen Beetle]] ''(21,529,464 of the same basic design sold worldwide between 1938 and 2003)''
** Best single-year sales - 1.36 million - 2005 [[Toyota Corolla]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}
** Best single-month sales - 126,905 - July 2005 [[Ford F-Series]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ford-trucks.com/news/idx/12/264/2005/article/FORD_FSERIES_SETS_NEW_MONTHLY_SALES_RECORD_.html |title=Ford F-Series Sets New Monthly Sales Record .: News |publisher=Ford-trucks.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref>
 
==Firsts==
Full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars.  This list only includes developments that lead to widespread adoption across the automotive industry.
 
===Industry===
*First automobile manufacturer - [[Benz]] (1871), [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] (1889) (followed by [[Peugeot]] in 1891)
*First standardized automobile - [[Benz Velo]] (1894) or [[Duryea Motor Wagon]] (1893)
*First mass-produced automobile - [[Oldsmobile Curved Dash]] (1901){{Citation needed|date=October 2007}}<!--Other articles in WP claim different, including [[Duryea]] & [[Benz]], not counting the [[Model T]]...-->
*First auto company technical institute - [[General Motors Institute]] (now [[Kettering University]])
*First automotive proving ground - [[Dodge Brothers]] [[Hamtramck, MI Test Track]] 1915
 
===Engine types===
*first [[V engine]]
**1904 [[Marmon]] [[V8 engine]] ''(few produced)''
**first commercially successful V - 1910 [[de Dion]] CJ (V8)<ref>Wise, David Burgess, "De Dion: The Aristocrat and the Toymaker", in Ward, Ian, executive editor. ''The World of Automobiles'' (London: Orbis Publishing, 1974), Volume 5, p.514</ref><ref>[[de Dion]]</ref>
*first straight engine
**1903 [[Napier & Son]] [[straight-six engine]] ''(few produced)''
*first twelve cylinder [[diesel engine]]
**[[list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines#V12|368kW Audi 6.0 V12 TDI CR 48v DPF]] in the 2008 [[Audi Q7|Audi Q7 V12 TDI quattro]]<ref name=AW-Q7/><ref name=Q7-AudiAG/>
 
===Engine technologies===
;[[engine configuration]] & other miscellaneous fundamental construction details
*first [[variable displacement]] engine — 1905 [[Sturtevant]] 38/45 six
*first [[diesel engine]]d production car — 1935 [[Citroen]] [[Citroen Rosalie|Rosalie]]
*first [[crankcase ventilation]] — 1926 [[Cadillac V8 engine]]
*first [[flat engine]] — 1905 [[Knox Automobile|Knox]]
*first [[oversquare|square]] engine — 1906 [[Premier (automobile)|Premier]]
*first engine with removable cylinder head — 1908 [[Ford Model T]]
*first counterbalanced [[crankshaft]] — 1908 [[Mercer]] Type 35
*first [[V engine|split-plane]] [[crankshaft]] — 1923 [[Cadillac V8 engine]]
*first [[gas turbine]] car — 1950 [[Rover (car)|Rover]] JET 1 ''(experimental only; no gas turbine car ever reached real production)''
*first [[Miller cycle]] engine — 1996 [[Mazda Millenia]]
*first [[Atkinson cycle]] engine — 1997 [[Toyota Prius]]
*first [[Hydrogen vehicle]] — [[BMW Hydrogen 7]] (Germany){{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}
;;[[Wankel engine]]s
:*first [[Wankel engine]] — 1964 [[NSU Motorenwerke AG|NSU]] Spider
:*first 2-rotor Wankel engine — 1966 [[NSU Ro 80]]
:*first 3-rotor Wankel engine — 1988 [[Vaz]] 513<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cp_www.tripod.com/rotary/pg07.htm|title=Craig's Rotary Page: LADA rotary cars from Russia/USSR|publisher=Cp_www.tripod.com|date= |accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref>
:*first [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] Wankel engine — 1982 [[Mazda Luce]] / [[Mazda Cosmo|Cosmo]]
:*first front-wheel drive car with Wankel engine — 1966 [[NSU Ro 80]]
;[[valvetrain]]
*first [[sleeve valve]] — 1909 [[Daimler]]{{dn}} (used [[Charles Yale Knight|Charles Knight]] 1903 design)<ref name="Georgano, p.43">Georgano, p.43.</ref>
*first [[overhead camshaft]] (OHC) engine — 1898 [[Wilkinson Motor Car Company|Wilkinson]]
*first [[overhead camshaft#Double overhead camshaft|double overhead camshaft]] (DOHC) engine — 1921 [[Ballot (automobile)|Ballot]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}
;;[[multi-valve]] engines
:*first 3-valve engine — 1924 [[Bugatti]] [[Bugatti Type 35|Type 35]] ''([[Bugatti Type 18|Type 18]] had a 3-valve in 1912, but only 6 or 7 were made. The Type 35 used the engine from the 1922 [[Bugatti Type 29|Type 29]] racing car.)''
:*first 4-valve engine — 1913 [[Peugeot Grand Prix]]
:*first 5-valve engine — 1989 [[Oettinger - Germany]] 5V,{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} 1989 [[Mitsubishi Minica#Fifth generation|Mitsubishi Dangan ZZ]] ''([[Peugeot]] had a triple overhead cam 5-valve [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] car in 1921).''
:*first 6-valve engine — 1985 [[Maserati Biturbo]] 2.0&nbsp;L V6 36v 261&nbsp;hp (prototype)
:*first 3-valve [[diesel engine]] — 1989 [[Citroën]] [[Citroën XM|XM]]
:*first 4-valve diesel engine — 1993 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes-Benz C-Class|C-Class]] (''OM604 engine'')
:*first [[multi-valve]] [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] engine — 1980 [[Maserati]] [[Maserati Biturbo|Biturbo]] ''[[AM452]]''
;;[[variable valve timing]] (VVT)
:*first VVT engine — 1980 [[Alfa Romeo Spider]] 2.0&nbsp;L
:*first electronic VVT — 1987 [[Nissan 300ZX]] ''[[Nissan VG engine#VG30DE|VG30DE]]'' [[N-VCT|NVCS]] V6
:*first VVT passenger car [[diesel engine]] — 2010 [[Mitsubishi ASX]] ''[[Mitsubishi 4N1 engine|4N13]]'' 1.8&nbsp;L DOHC I4
;aspiration
*first [[supercharger|supercharged]] car — 1921 [[Mercedes (car)|Mercedes]] 6/25/40&nbsp;hp
*first [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] car — 1962 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass|Oldsmobile F-85]] ''[[Oldsmobile V8 engine#Turbo Jetfire|Turbo Jetfire]]''
*first application of a [[wastegate]] to regulate a [[turbocharger]]'s boost — 1975 [[Porsche 911 Turbo]]
*first [[turbodiesel|turbocharged diesel]] car — 1978 [[Mercedes-Benz W116|Mercedes-Benz 300SD]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
*first variable-nozzle [[turbocharger]] — 1989 [[Shelby CSX#CSX-VNT|Shelby CSX-VNT]] / [[Garrett AiResearch]]
*first [[twin-turbo]]charged car — [[Porsche 959]]
*first quad-[[turbocharged]] car — [[Bugatti EB110]]
*first supercharged and turbocharged car — 1985 [[Lancia Delta S4]] (homologation special, 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations)
;fuel systems
*first [[carburetor]] — 1896 [[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]
*first [[carburetor]] air filter — 1915 [[Packard]] Twin Six
*first automatic [[choke]] — 1932 [[Oldsmobile]]
*first four-barrel [[carburetor]] — 1941 [[Buick]]
;;[[fuel injection]] (FI)
:*first FI engine — 1910 [[Adams-Farwell]] [[diesel engine|Diesel]]
:*first non-[[diesel engine|diesel]] FI engine — 1952 [[Goliath GP 700]] / [[Gutbrod Superior 600]]
:*first [[gasoline direct injection]] engine — 1952 [[Goliath GP 700]] / [[Gotbrud Superior 600]]
:*first automotive application of Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) — Bendix "ElectroJector" - Prototype / Test Mule  1957 Rambler (never officially produced for consumption), followed by Chrysler (et. al.) in 1958.  [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] developed their D-Jetronic FI from Bendix's design.
:*first electronic [[fuel injection]] — 1968 [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] [[Jetronic#D-Jetronic (1967–1976)|D-Jetronic]] - [[Volkswagen]] [[Volkswagen Type 3|Type 3]]/[[Volkswagen Type 4|Type 4]]
:*first [[diesel engine|Diesel]] direct injection engine — 1986 [[Fiat Croma]] Turbo D i.d.<ref name="fiat.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiat.com/cgi-bin/pbrand.dll/FIAT_COM/news/news.jsp?session=no&categoryOID=-1073765887&contentOID=1074021673|title=News and events|accessdate=2010-03-06|work=fiat.com}}</ref>
:*first electronic gasoline direct injection — 1996 [[Mitsubishi Galant]]/[[Mitsubishi Legnum|Legnum]] ''[[Mitsubishi 4G9 engine#4G93|4G93]]'' GDI [[inline-four engine|I4]]
:*first passenger car [[common rail]] diesel direct injection engine — 1997 [[Alfa Romeo 156]] JTD
:*first turbocharged [[gasoline direct injection]] engine — 2005 Audi A3 Sportback<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.audiworld.com/news/05/060705b/content.shtml|title=Award for the 2.0 TFSI Audi Engine|publisher=AudiWorld|date=2005-06-07|accessdate=2010-05-17}}</ref>
:*first turbocharged [[diesel engine|diesel]] direct injection engine — 1986 [[Fiat Croma]] Turbo D i.d.
;[[ignition system]]s
*first contact breaker point ignition — 1910 [[Cadillac Model Thirty]] / [[Delco]]
*first electronic ignition — 1960 [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] / [[Delco]]
*first distributor-less ignition — Citroën 2CV?
;general miscellany
*first alternator — 1960 [[Chrysler Corporation]], [[Plymouth Valiant]]
*first [[California]] [[Ultra Low Emission Vehicle]] — 1995 [[Honda Accord]]
*first California [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle]] — 2005 (General Motors/3800 [[Buick V6]]) powered cars: [[Pontiac Grand Prix]], [[Buick LaCrosse]], [[Buick Lucerne]]
 
===Hybrid vehicles===
*First gas-electric hybrid - 1899 [[Lohner Carriage|Lohner]]-[[Ferdinand Porsche|Porsche]] Mixte (''about 300 produced'')
*First modern hybrid car - 1904 [[Auto-Mixte]] ([[Belgium]])<!-- same modern system used with regenerating energy from braking and that the petrol engine kicks in when some extra oomph is needed-->
*First mass-produced hybrid car - 1997 [[Toyota Prius]]
*First hybrid [[bus]] - 1997 [[Hino Motors|Hino]] (Japan)
*First [[all-wheel drive]] hybrid - 2004 [[Ford Escape Hybrid]]
*First hybrid [[sport utility vehicle|SUV]] - 2004 [[Ford Escape Hybrid]]
*First hybrid [[luxury car]] - 2005 [[Lexus RX 400h]] (introduced January 2004)
*First mild hybrid [[pickup truck]] - 2005 [[Chevrolet Silverado#Hybrid|Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid]]
*First full hybrid pickup truck - 2009 Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid
 
===Body===
*First [[sedan (automobile)|sedan/saloon]] &mdash; 1911 [[Speedwell Motor Car Company]]
*First motorized [[truck]] &mdash; October 1896 [[Daimler-Benz|Daimler]]
*First production closed-body car - 1910 [[Cadillac Model Thirty]]
*First [[monocoque]] - 1924 [[Lancia Lambda]]
*First shatter-resistant windshield glass - 1926 [[Cadillac]]
*First [[coupé convertible]] - 1934 [[Peugeot 401]] D Eclipse
*First [[pickup truck|Pickup]] / [[Utility vehicle]] (Ute) - 1934 [[Ford]] [[Coupé utility]]
**First fully boxed frame - 2004 Ford F150  (???)
*First safety [[windshield]] - 1948 [[Tucker Torpedo]] (''popout safety glass'')
*First [[fiberglass]] body - 1952 [[Woodill Wildfire]] (low production)
*First [[multi-purpose vehicle|MPV]] - 1956 [[Fiat Multipla|Fiat 600 Multipla]]
*First [[convertible|retractable hardtop]] - 1934 Pourtout [[Lancia Belna Eclipse]]-coachbuilt
*First [[hatchback]] - 1953 [[Aston Martin DB2/4]]
*First [[fiberglass]] [[monocoque]] - 1956 [[Berkeley cars|Berkeley]] SA322
 
*First [[Crossover (automobile)|Crossover]] - 1955 [[GAZ-M20 Pobeda|GAZ M72]]
*First all-[[aluminium]] body - 1932 [[Riley (car)|Riley]] Kestrel
**First all-aluminium space frame - 1990 [[Honda NSX]]
*First [[carbon fiber|carbon fibre]] [[monocoque]] - 1993 [[McLaren F1]]
*First stress-bearing engine acting like a structural member - 1995 [[Ferrari F50]]
*First [[automotive aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] design - 1921 [[Rumpler Tropfenwagen]]
*First body made of recycled material - 1954 [[Trabant]] P70
*First [[tricar]] - 1902<ref>Georgano, p.68.</ref>
*First [[cyclecar]] - 1910 [[GN]]/1910 [[Bédélia]]<ref>Georgano, p.75.</ref>
*First production [[station wagon]] (estate) - 1908 [[Ford Model T]]
**Honorable mention: 1923 [[Star (automobile)|Star]]
*First [[SUV]] - 1908 Ford [[Model T]]
*First fully boxed frame [pick-up] - 2004 Ford F150 (???)
 
===[[transmission (mechanics)|Transmission]]===
*[[Manual transmission]]s
**First synchronized transmission - 1929 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]<!--Also '29 Lasalle. Did Cad debut first?-->
**First [[overdrive (mechanics)|overdrive]] - 1934 [[Chrysler Airflow]]
**First modern cone synchromesh transmission - 1952 [[Porsche]] [[Porsche 356|356]]
**First 5-speed manual - 1948 [[Lancia Ardea]]
**First 6-speed manual - 1967 [[Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale]]
**First 8-speed manual - 1960 [[Moskvitch 410|Moskvitch 410/411]]
*[[Automatic transmission]]s
**First automatic transmission - May 1939 [[Oldsmobile]] [[Hydra-Matic]] (also the first 4-speed automatic)
**First [[torque converter]] automatic - 1948 [[Buick]] [[Dynaflow]]
**First non-planetary automatic - 1968 [[Honda]] [[Hondamatic]]
**First 5-speed automatic - 1991 [[BMW]] [[BMW E34|E34]] [[BMW 5-Series|5-Series]] and [[BMW E36|E36]] [[BMW 3-Series|320i/325i]] [[ZF 5HP18 transmission|ZF 5HP18]]
**First 6-speed automatic - 2002 [[BMW]] [[BMW E65|E65]] [[BMW 7-Series|7-Series]] [[ZF 6HP26 transmission|ZF 6HP26]]
**First 7-speed automatic - 2003 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[7G-Tronic]]
**First 8-speed automatic - 2007 [[Lexus LS|Lexus LS 460]]
*First [[limited slip differential]] - 1956 [[Studebaker]]
*First [[continuously variable transmission]] - 1958 [[DAF 600]] "A-Type"
*First [[continuously variable transmission#Toroidal or roller-based CVT|toroidal continuously variable transmission]] - 1999 [[Nissan Cedric#Tenth generation Y34|Nissan Cedric]] and [[Nissan Gloria#Eleventh generation Y34|Nissan Gloria]]
*First [[dual clutch transmission]] - 2003 [[Volkswagen Golf Mk4#R32|Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32]] ([[Direct-Shift Gearbox]])<ref>{{cite press release|title=Volkswagen DSG - World's first dual-clutch gearbox in a production car|publisher=[[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen Group / Volkswagen AG]] - Volkswagen-Media-Services.com|date=22 November 2002|url=https://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2002/11/22/volkswagen_dsg_-_world.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html|accessdate=30 October 2009|quote= }}</ref>
*First [[active differential]] - 1986 [[Porsche 959]] ''PSK'' (''limited production of 200 vehicles'')
 
===[[automobile layout|Layout]]===
*First [[FR layout]] car - 1895 [[Panhard]] et Levassor
*First [[RR layout]] car - 1896 [[Hertel (automobile)|Hertel]]
*First [[front-wheel drive]] - 1924 [[Tracta]] (Gregoire-Tracta)
**honorable mention: 1928 [[Alvis]] FWD
*First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front-wheel drive]] - 1931 [[DKW]] F1{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}
**First transverse front-wheel drive [[straight-five engine|I5]] - 1993 [[Volvo 850]]
**First transverse front-wheel drive [[straight-six engine|I6]] - 1970 [[Austin Kimberley]] and [[Austin Tasman]]
**First transverse front-wheel drive [[V8 engine|V8]] - 1966 [[Oldsmobile Toronado ]]
**First transverse [[all-wheel drive]] - 1968 [[Austin Ant]] (never entered production)
*First [[four-wheel drive]] vehicle - 1910 [[Caldwell Vale]] or 1911 Four Wheel Drive
*First [[four-wheel drive]] car - 1966 [[Jensen FF]]
*First [[FR layout]] [[transaxle]] - 1950 [[Lancia Aurelia]] ''(the 1914 [[Stutz Bearcat]] featured a primitive transaxle)''
*First [[MR layout|MR]] car - 1921 [[Rumpler]] Tropfenwagen
*First [[MR layout|MR]] [[four-wheel drive]] car - 1984 [[Ford RS200]] (homologation special, 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations.)
 
===[[suspension (vehicle)|Suspension]]===
*First [[torsion bar]] suspension - 1921 [[Leyland Motors|Leyland]]
*First front [[independent suspension]] - 1911 [[Morgan Motor Company|Morgan]] three wheeler
*First [[hydraulic]] [[shock absorber]]s - 1933 [[Hudson (automobile)|Hudson]] (Monroe)
*First [[coil spring]] / [[shock absorber]] suspension - 1934 [[Cadillac]], [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]], and [[Hudson (automobile)|Hudson]]
*First [[MacPherson strut]] suspension - 1949 [[Ford Vedette]]
*First [[Chapman strut]] suspension - 1958 [[Lotus Elite]]
*First air suspension - 1958 [[Cadillac Brougham]]
*First [[self-levelling suspension]] - 1955 [[Citroën DS]]
*First electronic adjustable suspension dampers - 1981 [[Nissan Skyline#R30|Nissan Skyline]]
*First electronically-controlled suspension - 1983 [[Toyota Soarer]] (Japan-market model) / 1983 [[Mitsubishi Galant]] ECS
*First active air suspension - 1987 [[Mitsubishi Galant]] active ECS
*First active hydraulic suspension - 1990 [[Infiniti Q|Nissan Infiniti Q45a]] (FAS-fully active suspension)
*First active anti-roll bars - 1994 [[Citroen Xantia|Citroen Xantia Activa]] ([[Active Roll Stabilisation]])
 
===[[Brakes]]===
*First [[four wheel brakes]] - 1909 [[Argyll (car)|Argyll]] (developed by [[Arrol-Johnson]])<ref name="Georgano, p.58">Georgano, p.58.</ref>
*First [[power brake]]s - 1919 [[Hispano-Suiza]] [[Hispano-Suiza H6|H6]] (mechanically assisted)
*First four wheel power brakes - 1919 Hispano-Suiza H6<ref>Georgano, p.181.</ref>
*First vacuum-assist power brakes - 1928 [[Pierce-Arrow]]
*First [[hydraulic]] power brakes - 1921 [[Duesenberg]] Model A<ref>Georgano, p.186.</ref>
*First standard [[disc brake]]s - 1949 [[Crosley Hot Shot]]
*First [[antilock braking system]] - 1966 [[Jensen FF]] ([[Dunlop Maxaret]] system, previously used in aviation)
**First electrical [[antilock braking system]] - 1969 [[Lincoln Continental Mark III]]
**First electronic [[antilock braking system]] - 1978 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes S-Class|S-Class]]
*First [[emergency brake#electric parking brake|electric parking brake]] - 2002 [[BMW E65/E66]]
*First diagonally split, dual brake circuits - 1962 [[Saab 95]]/[[Saab 96|96]]
*First [[asbestos]]-free [[brake pad]]s - 1983 [[Saab Automobile]]
*First [[brake-by-wire|electro-hydraulic brakes]] - 2002 Mercedes-Benz [[E-Class]] / 2001 [[Toyota Prius]]
*First [[regenerative brake]]s - 1997 [[Toyota Prius]]
 
===Driver-aids===
*First standard rear-view mirror - 1912 [[Marmon]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}}
*First [[power steering]] - 1951 [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial]]
*First [[cruise control]] - 1957 [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial]]
*First [[traction control system]]/[[anti slip regulation]] - 1971 [[Buick LeSabre]] (MaxTrac)
*First [[drive-by-wire]] throttle - 1988 [[BMW 7-Series|BMW 750iL]]
*First [[electrochromic]] rear-view mirror - 1989 [[Lexus LS]]
*First [[Windshield_wipers|Rain-Sensing Windshield Wipers]] - 1984 [[Nissan Silvia|Nissan 200SX]]/[[Nissan Silvia]]
*First [[dynamic stability control system]]/[[electronic stability control|Electronic Stability Programme]]/[[Vehicle Stability Control]] - 1995 [[BMW 7-Series]]/[[Mercedes-Benz CL-Class]]/[[Toyota Crown Majesta]]
*First [[adaptive cruise control]] - 1997 [[Toyota Celsior]]
*First [[heads-up display]] - 1988 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme]]/1988 [[Nissan Silvia]]
*First factory [[GPS]] navigation - 1990 [[Mazda Cosmo]], 1986 GT Limited [[Toyota Soarer]]
*First [[automotive night vision|night vision]] - 2000 [[Cadillac DeVille]]
*First [[power door locks]] - 1914 [[Scripps-Booth]]
*First [[Intelligent Parking Assist System|self parking]] - 2004 [[Toyota Prius#2004-2007 Prius (model NHW20)|Toyota Prius]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3198619.stm|title=Technology &#124; Self-parking car hits the shops|publisher=BBC News|date=2003-09-01|accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref>
*First [[Blind Spot Monitor|Blind Spot Intervention]] System - 2010 [[Nissan Fuga]]/[[Infiniti M]]
*First [[Synchronized down shift rev-matching system]] - 2009 [[Nissan 370Z]]/[[Nissan Fairlady Z]]
 
===Passive Restraint===
* First car to come standard with [[Seat belt|safety belts]] - 1958 [[Saab GT750|Saab GT 750]] ([http://www.trollhattansaab.net/archives/2005/02/saab_innovation.html] [http://www.trollhattansaab.net/page/5])
 
===Active restraint===
* First [[airbag]]s - 1974 [[Oldsmobile Toronado]]
* First car to come standard with dual airbags - 1988 [[Porsche 944 Turbo]]
* First six-airbag system - 1994 [[Audi A8]]
* First head airbags - 1997 [[BMW 7-Series]]
* First side airbags - 1995 [[Volvo 850]]
 
===[[tire|Tires/Tyres]]===
*First use of pneumatic tires - 1895 [[Peugeot]] L'Eclair ([[Michelin]])
*First standard pneumatic tires - 1896 [[Léon Bollée Automobiles|Bollée]] Voiturette
*First radial-ply tires - 1949 [[Michelin]] "X" ''(patented in 1946)
*First self-repairing tires - 1950 [[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company|Goodyear]]
*First [[run flat tire]] - 1974 [[Mini|Mini 1275GT]] ([[Dunlop Rubber|Dunlop]] Denovo; optional)
 
===Lighting===
* First electrical lighting - 1898 [[Columbia (automobile)|Columbia]] electric
* First standard lights - 1904 "Prest-O-Lite" [[acetylene]]
* First standard electrical lights - 1908 [[Peerless]]
* First integrated electrical and lighting system - 1912 [[Cadillac Model Thirty|Cadillac Model 1912]] [[Delco]]
* First "dipping" headlights - 1915 [[Guide Lamp Company]]
* First dual-beam headlight - 1924 [[Bilux]]
* First retractable headlights - 1936 [[Cord Automobile|Cord]]{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}}<!--[[DeSoto (automobile)]] says otherwise...-->
* First directional headlamps - 1930s [[Tatra (car)|Tatra]]
* First [[fog light]]s - 1938 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First auto-dimming headlights - 1952 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] ''Autronic Eye''
* First auto-on/off headlights - 1964 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] ''Twilight Sentinel''
* First headlight wipers - 1970 [[Saab Automobile|Saab]] ([[Saab 95|95]], [[Saab 96|96]], [[Saab 99|99]]) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saabmuseum.com/innovations/index.html |title=Saab Innovations at The SaabMuseum.com - a comprehensive and up-to-date history of Saab cars |publisher=Saabmuseum.com |date= |accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref>
* First [[alternating current|AC]] [[High-intensity discharge lamp|HID]] lights - 1991 [[BMW E32|BMW 7-series]]
* First [[direct current|DC]] [[High-intensity discharge lamp|HID]] lights - 1997 [[Lincoln Mark VIII]]
* First [[neon]] lights - 1997 [[Lincoln Mark VIII]]
* First all-[[light-emitting diode|LED]] tail lights - 1998 [[Maserati 3200 GT]]
* First [[bi-xenon HID headlamp]]s - 2000 [[Mercedes-Benz CL-Class]]
* First low beam, front position light and sidemarker [[light-emitting diode|LED]] headlights - 2008 [[Lexus LS#UVF45 / UVF46 (2008)|Lexus LS600h]]
* First all-[[light-emitting diode|LED]] headlights - 2008 [[Audi R8 (road car)|Audi R8]]
 
===Electrical system===
* First [[magneto (electrical)|magneto]] - 1897 [[FWilliam Lanchester|Lanchester]]<ref>Georgano, p.49.</ref>
* First twin-spark engine - 1921 [[Bentley 3 Litre]]
* First [[electric starter|electric self-starter]] - [[Arnold (automobile)|Arnold]] (copy of the [[Benz Velo]]) before 1900.<ref>Georgano, p.25.</ref>
* First electric windows - 1938 [[Buick Y]]
* First combination key and ignition switch - 1949 [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]]
* First [[Alternating current|AC]] [[alternator (auto)|alternator]] - 1960 [[Plymouth Valiant|Valiant]]
* First sealed [[battery (electricity)|battery]] - 1971 [[Pontiac]] "Freedom Battery"
* First multiplexed wiring - 1987 [[Cadillac Allanté]]
* First integrated car systems control - 1987 [[Toyota Soarer]] (''Electro Multi Vision'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autospeed.drive.com.au/cms/A_1718/article.html |title=AutoSpeed - Burger With the Lot |publisher=Autospeed.drive.com.au |date= |accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref>
 
===Climate control===
* First windshield defroster - 1928 [[Studebaker]]
* First windshield washer - 1937 [[Studebaker]]
* First [[air conditioning]] - 1938 [[Studebaker Commander]]
* First rear window defogger - 1948 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First heated seats - 1966 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First automatic climate control - 1964 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First digital climate control - 1975 [[Rolls-Royce Camargue]]
* First ventilated seats - 1998 [[Saab 9-5]]
 
===In-car electronics and entertainment===
*First original-equipment radio - 1923 [[Springfield (automobile)|Springfield]]
*First [[automotive navigation system|navigation system]] - August 1981 [[Honda Accord]] (analog, dealer-installed)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world.honda.com/history/challenge/1981navigationsystem/index.html|title=Honda Worldwide &#124; History|publisher=World.honda.com|date= |accessdate=2009-10-31}}</ref>
**First navigation system with voice controls  - 2002 [[Infiniti Q45]]
**First digital navigation system - 1990 [[Acura Legend]]
**First [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] navigation system - 1990 [[Mazda Eunos Cosmo]]
*First active audio volume control - 1990 [[Chevrolet Corvette]] [[Bose Corporation|Bose]]/[[Delco Electronics|Delco]] Gold Series
*First [[telematics|telematics assist]] system - 1996 ''tie'' 1997-model [[Cadillac Seville]] ([[OnStar]]) and [[Lincoln Continental]] ([[Motorola]] RESCU)
*First [[Bluetooth]]-capable audio system - 2000 [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]]
*First active noise cancellation - 2005 [[Acura RL]]
*First steering wheel mounted audio controls - 1984 [[Nissan 300ZX]] AE
 
===Other===
* First steering wheel - 1899 [[Packard]]
* First [[speedometer]] - 1901 [[Oldsmobile]]
* First tilt-away steering wheel - 1912 [[Peerless]]
* First dash-mounted fuel tank gauge - 1914 [[Studebaker]]
* First tilt-away steering column - 1928 [[Buick]]
* First [[turn signal]]s - 1939 [[Buick]]
* First split folding rear seats - 1959 [[Auto Union]] Universal (''[[Fiat]] patented the system in 1978'')
* First tilt/telescope steering wheel - 1965 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
* First electronic [[four wheel steering]] - 1985 [[Nissan Skyline]] HICAS
* First mechanical [[four wheel steering]] - 1988 [[Honda Prelude]] 4WS
* First [[Fibre-reinforced plastic|composite]] wheels - 1989 [[Shelby CSX]]
* First active exhaust - 1991 [[Mitsubishi 3000GT]]
* First Production Car To Achieve 200 MPH 1987 [[Ferrari F40]]
 
==Pre-War==
* Best-selling pre-war vehicle - [[Ford Model-T]] ''(15,000,000 sold between 1908 and 1928)''
* Least-expensive full-featured automobile - 1927 [[Ford Model-T]] ''($300 is about $3500 in inflation-adjusted 2005 dollars)''
* Largest vehicle - [[Bugatti Royale]] - 21&nbsp;ft (6.4&nbsp;m) long, 180&nbsp;in (4.57&nbsp;m) or 170&nbsp;in (4.32&nbsp;m) wheelbase depending on model
* Largest pre-war [[Straight-4]] - 21495&nbsp;cc (1312 in<sup>3</sup>) - 1912 Benz 82/200
* Largest pre-war [[Straight-6]] - 21112&nbsp;cc (1288 in<sup>3</sup>) - 1905 [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] 50 CV
* Largest pre-war [[Straight-8]] - 12763&nbsp;cc (779&nbsp;in³) - 1929 [[Bugatti Royale]] production car; the prototype had a 14726&nbsp;cc engine
* Largest pre-war [[V12 engine|V12]] - 11310&nbsp;cc (690&nbsp;in³) - 1933 [[Hispano-Suiza Type 68]]bis
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Automotive Superlatives}}
[[Category:Automobile-related lists|Superlatives]]
[[Category:Lists of superlatives|Automobiles]]

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Template:TOC right Automobiles are frequently judged in their industry by many superlatives: the smallest, largest, fastest, lightest, best-selling, and so on. They vary greatly in size, engine displacement, power, price, and many other traits.

In order to keep the entries relevant, the list (except for the firsts section) is limited to automobiles built after World War II, and lists superlatives for earlier vehicles separately. The list is also limited to production road cars that:

  1. are constructed principally for retail sale to consumers, for their personal use, and to transport people on public roads (no commercial or industrial vehicles are eligible);
  2. have had 20 or more instances made by the original vehicle manufacturer, and offered for commercial sale to the public in new condition (cars modified by either professional tuners or individuals are not eligible); and;
  3. are street-legal in their intended markets, and capable of passing any official tests or inspections required to be granted this status.

Vehicle dimensions

Overall

  • Longest
    • Current production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000006165{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|6165|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Maybach 62
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000006248{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|6248|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1964 Mercedes-Benz 600 Limousine
    • Limited-production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000006426{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|6426|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1975 Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five Limousine<ref name="mindspring.com">Template:Citation/core{{#if:|}}</ref>
    • Pickup Truck - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000006650{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|6650|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Ford F-350 Super Duty Crew Cab Long Bed
    • Commercial - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000007345{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|7345|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - Mercedes-Benz Sprinter LWB / Volkswagen Crafter LWB
  • Widest
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002058{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|2058|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Lamborghini Murcielago LP670-4 SV
    • Pickup Truck - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002438{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|2438|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Dodge Ram 3500
    • Commercial - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002474{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|2474|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Unimog U5000
  • Tallest
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001632{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1632|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2006 Rolls Royce Phantom
    • Pickup Truck - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002057{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|2057|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2006 Ford F-350 Super Duty Crew Cab Long Bed
    • SUV - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002083{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|2083|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2003 Hummer H2
    • Commercial - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002676{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|2676|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Unimog U5000
  • Shortest
    • Limited-production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001340{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1340|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1962 Peel P50 (3 wheels)
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002500{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|2500|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1998 Smart Fortwo
    • Current production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002695{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|2695|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Smart Fortwo
  • Lowest
    • Limited-production car - {{#ifeq:|on|00000000000736.6{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|736.6|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1969 Probe 15<ref name="Specialist Sports Cars, Peter J. Filby, p.74">Specialist Sports Cars, Peter J. Filby, p.74</ref>
    • Current limited-production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001041{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1041|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Saleen S7
    • Current production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001135{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1135|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Lamborghini Murcielago

Wheelbase

  • Longest
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000003893{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|3893|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1964 Mercedes-Benz 600 Limousine
    • Pickup Truck - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000004379{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|4379|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2005 Ford F-350 Super Duty Crew Cab
    • Commercial - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000005080{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|5080|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2005 Ford F-550 Super Duty Chassis Crew Cab
  • Shortest
    • Limited-production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001270{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1270|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1962 Peel P50
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001500{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1500|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1956 Isetta
    • Current production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001867{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1867|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Smart Fortwo

Track

  • Widest Front
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001685{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1685|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2003 Rolls-Royce Phantom (2003)
    • Pickup truck - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001742{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1742|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Dodge Ram 2500
    • Commercial - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001930{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1930|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Dodge Ram 4500 Chassis Cab
  • Widest Rear
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001695{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1695|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2003 Maybach 57/62
    • Pickup truck - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001925{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1925|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Dodge Ram 3500 Crew Cab Dual Rear Wheels
    • Commercial - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001927{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1927|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2009 Unimog U4000
  • Narrowest Front
    • Limited-production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000990{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|990|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - Peel P50
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001275{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|1275|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1998 Smart Fortwo
  • Narrowest Rear
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000521{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mm}}|521|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - Isetta

Weight

  • Heaviest Curb Weight
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002855{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(lb)*0}}|0|00000000000000lb}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|2855|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:lb*0}}|0|0}}|lb|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2003 Maybach 62
    • SUV - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000003428{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(lb)*0}}|0|00000000000000lb}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|3428|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:lb*0}}|0|0}}|lb|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}] - 2006 Hummer H1 Alpha Wagon
    • Pickup truck - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000003544{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(lb)*0}}|0|00000000000000lb}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|3544|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:lb*0}}|0|0}}|lb|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Dodge Ram 3500 Mega Cab 4wd Short Bed Dual Rear Wheel
    • Limited-production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000004536{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(lb)*0}}|0|00000000000000lb}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|4536|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:lb*0}}|0|0}}|lb|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2009 Cadillac Presidential Limousine (estimated) <ref>http://consumerguideauto.howstuffworks.com/the-presidential-limousine.htm></ref>
    • Commercial - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000005350{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(lb)*0}}|0|00000000000000lb}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|5350|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:lb*0}}|0|0}}|lb|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2009 Unimog U5000 Long Wheelbase
  • Lightest
    • Limited-production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000059{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(lb)*0}}|0|00000000000000lb}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|59|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:lb*0}}|0|0}}|lb|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} DIN - 1962 Peel P50 (3 wheels)
    • Production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000406{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(lb)*0}}|0|00000000000000lb}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|406|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:lb*0}}|0|0}}|lb|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1964 Mini Moke
    • Current production car - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000825{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(lb)*0}}|0|00000000000000lb}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|825|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:lb*0}}|0|0}}|lb|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Smart Fortwo
    • Current production racecar - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000456{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(lb)*0}}|0|00000000000000lb}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|456|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:lb*0}}|0|0}}|lb|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1996 Ariel Atom

Engines

Engine displacement

Smallest

  • {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000049{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|cc}}|49|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAoffDbSoff|s=}} - 1963 Peel P50
    • (100+ produced) - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000322{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|cc}}|322|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAoffDbSoff|s=}} - 1956 Berkeley SA322

Largest

Power

Highest power

Highest specific power (power to weight ratio)

  • 1045 hp/metric ton (1.91 lb/hp) - 2007 Caparo T1 V8 engine {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000429{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|429|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} and {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000470{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kg}}|470|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LonAonDbSoff|s=}}

Highest specific engine output (power/unit displacement)

  • Production engine- Rotax 124cc,as seen in the Aprilia RS125cc motorcycle.Piston ported 2 stroke, normally aspirated.Makes 33bhp in unrestricted form giving a specific output of 264 bhp per litre.
  • Petrol/Gasoline (naturally-aspirated) piston engine - {{#ifeq:|on|00000000000106.2{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|106.2|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|1|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litreTemplate:Dubious - 1994 JDM Suzuki Cultus Suzuka edition R13B {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000138{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|138|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} 1.3 L I4
  • Petrol/Gasoline (forced-induction) piston engine - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000151{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|151|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litre - 2009 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X FQ400 {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000302{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|302|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} 2.0 L I4
  • Diesel engine (naturally-aspirated) - {{#ifeq:|on|00000000000033.4{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|33.4|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|1|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litre - 1995 Mercedes E 300 D {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000100{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|100|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} DIN 3.0 L I6
  • Diesel engine (forced-induction) - {{#ifeq:|on|00000000000075.2{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|75.2|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|1|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litre - 2007 BMW new 2.0 L I4 twin-turbo {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000150{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|150|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} DIN
  • Naturally-aspirated pistonless rotary engine - {{#ifeq:|on|00000000000140.5{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|140.5|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|1|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litre - Mazda RX-8 Renesis {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000184{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(PS hp)*0}}|0|00000000000PS hp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|kW}}|184|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:PS hp*0}}|0|0}}|PS hp|0|||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} JIS 1.3 L

Torque

Highest torque

  • Petrol engine - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001507{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|1507|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LonAonDbSoff|s=}}, SSC Ultimate Aero TT
  • Diesel engine - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001000{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|1000|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}, Audi Q7 V12 TDI 6.0 L - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000005934{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|cc}}|5934|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LonAonDbSoff|s=}} twin-turbo V12 engine<ref name=AW-Q7/><ref name=Q7-AudiAG/>

Highest specific torque (torque/unit displacement)

The mean effective pressure (MEP) is a useful comparison tool, giving the average cylinder pressure exerted on the piston.

  • Petrol engine (naturally-aspirated) - MEP 15.1 bar, {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000120{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|120|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litre - Ferrari 458 Italia {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000540{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|540|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}
  • Petrol engine (forced-induction) - MEP 34 bar, {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000271{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|271|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litre - 2009 Mitsubishi Evo X MR FQ-400 {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000542{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|542|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}
  • Petrol engine (naturally-aspirated pistonless rotary engine) - MEP 21.5 bar, {{#ifeq:|on|00000000000170.8{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|170.8|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litre - 2005 Mazda RX-8 {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000222{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|222|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}
  • Petrol engine (forced-induction pistonless rotary engine) - MEP 28.4 bar, {{#ifeq:|on|00000000000226.3{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|226.3|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litre - 1995 Mazda RX-7 Turbo {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000294{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|294|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}
  • Diesel engine (forced-induction) - MEP 29 bar, {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000233{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|233|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} per litre - 2008 Mercedes-Benz C-Class 250CDI BlueEfficiency {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000500{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|Nm}}|500|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}

Economy

USA measurements
  • Highest USA EPA mileage - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000048{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(L/100 km mpgimp)*0}}|0|0L/100 km mpgimp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mpgus}}|48|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:L/100 km mpgimp*0}}|0|0}}|L/100 km mpgimp||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}/{{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000060{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(L/100 km mpgimp)*0}}|0|0L/100 km mpgimp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mpgus}}|60|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:L/100 km mpgimp*0}}|0|0}}|L/100 km mpgimp||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2001 Honda Insight 5-speed
    • Note: in 2007 the EPA changed its measurement standards, changing the rating to {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000048{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(L/100 km mpgimp)*0}}|0|0L/100 km mpgimp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mpgus}}|48|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:L/100 km mpgimp*0}}|0|0}}|L/100 km mpgimp||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}/{{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000058{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(L/100 km mpgimp)*0}}|0|0L/100 km mpgimp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mpgus}}|58|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:L/100 km mpgimp*0}}|0|0}}|L/100 km mpgimp||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}
  • Lowest USA EPA mileage - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000006{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(L/100 km mpgimp)*0}}|0|0L/100 km mpgimp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mpgus}}|6|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:L/100 km mpgimp*0}}|0|0}}|L/100 km mpgimp||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}/{{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000010{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(L/100 km mpgimp)*0}}|0|0L/100 km mpgimp}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|mpgus}}|10|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:L/100 km mpgimp*0}}|0|0}}|L/100 km mpgimp||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 1986-1990 Lamborghini Countach
European Union measurements
  • Lowest EU fuel consumption - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000002.99{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|000000000{{{3}}}}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|L/100 km}}|2.99|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2002 Volkswagen Lupo 1.2 TDI 5-speed
  • Highest EU fuel consumption - {{#ifeq:|on|00000000000024.1{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|000000000{{{3}}}}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|L/100 km}}|24.1|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} combined city/hwy 2008 Bugatti Veyron 16.4
  • Longest 90% range - {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000001658{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|0000000000000000}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|km}}|1658|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|0||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2010 Volkswagen Passat 77 kW TDI BlueMotion with 6-speed manual and {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000070{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(1)*0}}|0|0000000000000001}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|L}}|70|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:1*0}}|0|0}}|1||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} fuel tank, calculated by using extra-urban Euro cycle mileage of {{#ifeq:|on|00000000000003.8{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(0)*0}}|0|000000000{{{3}}}}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|L/100 km}}|3.8|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:0*0}}|0|0}}|||||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}}

Price

Performance

Template:See also

Acceleration

  • Quickest {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000000{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(100)*0}}|0|0000000000000100}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|to}}|0|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:100*0}}|0|0}}|100|km/h|0||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LonAonDbSoff|s=}} - 2.46 seconds - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4<ref>Template:Citation/core{{#if:|}}</ref>
  • Quickest {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000000{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(161)*0}}|0|0000000000000161}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|to}}|0|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:161*0}}|0|0}}|161|km/h|0||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 5.3 seconds - Ultima GTR<ref>Template:Citation/core{{#if:|}}</ref>
  • Quickest {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000000{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(200)*0}}|0|0000000000000200}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|to}}|0|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:200*0}}|0|0}}|200|km/h|0||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 7.4 seconds - Auto Motor und Sport - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 <ref name="ReferenceA">This was shown on a n episode of the TV series Top Gear</ref>
  • Quickest {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000000{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(300)*0}}|0|0000000000000300}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|to}}|0|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:300*0}}|0|0}}|300|km/h|0||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 18.2 seconds - Auto Motor Und Sport - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 <ref name="ReferenceA"/>
  • Quickest {{#ifeq:|on|0000000000000000{{#ifeq:{{#expr:(400)*0}}|0|0000000000000400}}}}{{convert/{{#if:1|to}}|0|{{#ifeq:{{#expr:400*0}}|0|0}}|400|km/h|0||r={{#ifeq:{{{sp}}}|us|er|re}}|d=LoffAonDbSoff|s=}} - 55 seconds - 2006 Bugatti Veyron 16.4 <ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Top speed

Highest Redline

  • Internal Combustion Production Vehicle: 1964-66 Honda S600 10,000 rpm
  • Electric Production Vehicle: 2008 Tesla Roadster 14,000 rpm

Sales

See also List of bestselling vehicle nameplates

Firsts

Full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars. This list only includes developments that lead to widespread adoption across the automotive industry.

Industry

Engine types

Engine technologies

engine configuration & other miscellaneous fundamental construction details
Wankel engines
valvetrain
multi-valve engines
variable valve timing (VVT)
aspiration
fuel systems
fuel injection (FI)
ignition systems
general miscellany

Hybrid vehicles

Body

Transmission

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Layout

Suspension

Brakes

Driver-aids

Passive Restraint

Active restraint

Tires/Tyres

Lighting

Electrical system

Climate control

In-car electronics and entertainment

Other

Pre-War

  • Best-selling pre-war vehicle - Ford Model-T (15,000,000 sold between 1908 and 1928)
  • Least-expensive full-featured automobile - 1927 Ford Model-T ($300 is about $3500 in inflation-adjusted 2005 dollars)
  • Largest vehicle - Bugatti Royale - 21 ft (6.4 m) long, 180 in (4.57 m) or 170 in (4.32 m) wheelbase depending on model
  • Largest pre-war Straight-4 - 21495 cc (1312 in3) - 1912 Benz 82/200
  • Largest pre-war Straight-6 - 21112 cc (1288 in3) - 1905 Panhard et Levassor 50 CV
  • Largest pre-war Straight-8 - 12763 cc (779 in³) - 1929 Bugatti Royale production car; the prototype had a 14726 cc engine
  • Largest pre-war V12 - 11310 cc (690 in³) - 1933 Hispano-Suiza Type 68bis
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