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.... LDV employs around 2,000 at its Birmingham site, producing 15,000-20,000 vehicles annually. ...nership divided between EAC (European Acquisition Capital Limited) and Sun European Partners.

...ocations, electric recharging is provided to encourage the use of electric vehicles. NEVs may also be used as station cars where the roadway speed limits permi ===Early ages===

...ar was propelled with a 104 bhp (78&nbsp;kW) [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Ford Cortina|Cortina]] engine, and had a top <br>speed of 215&nbsp;km/h (134&nbs ...|Mangusta]] De Tomaso moved from European to American [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] engines; powered by a 4.7-litre iron-block [[V8]] engine and with steel a

...a subsidiary of the [[Fiat Group]], and produces around 200,000 commercial vehicles and 460,000 diesel engines annually, and for the year ended 2007 the compan ...ym for '''I'''ndustrial '''Ve'''hicle '''Co'''rporation, an alliance among European commercial vehicle manufacturers such as [[Fiat]] (including [[Officine Mec

...d-1960s. During the 1970s, the intermediate class was generally defined as vehicles with wheelbases between 112 inches (2,845 mm) and 118 inches (2,997 mm). ...ll-size [[Ford LTD]] moniker before being replaced by the class-defining [[Ford Taurus]]. Similarly, import models such as the [[Honda Accord]] and [[Toyot

The company is notable for building composite-bodied specialist vehicles, such as the [[Reliant Scimitar]], [[Reliant Sabre]] and [[Reliant SS1]] sp ...nitially 598 cc but enlarged through the years to a final 848 cc in 1975. (Early Reliant three-wheelers used an engine derived from the 747cc 1930s [[Austin

Small European family cars include the [[Ford Focus (International)|Ford Focus]], [[Opel Astra]], [[Peugeot 308]], [[Citroën C4]], [[Renault Mégan ...he world as a "''C-segment''" (between [[B-segment|B-]] and [[D-segment]]) vehicles. Compact cars usually have [[wheelbase]]s between 100 inches (2,540 mm) and

...[[Ford DEW platform|Ford DEW98 platform]] with the [[Jaguar S-Type]] and [[Ford Thunderbird]]. It competes with the [[BMW 3 Series]], [[Lexus ES]], [[Merc ...nd near 50/50 weight distribution, the LS was an attractive alternative to European and Japanese sports sedans.

...ly suited for cities with narrow streets and/or heavy traffic. Every major European car manufacturer has a panel van in their line-up; these models used to be ...d to be utilitarian base model MPVs / people carriers, for a range of such vehicles.

...nd a brand rather than independent company. In 1978, Chrysler divested its European operations to another French automaker, [[PSA Peugeot Citroën|PSA]], which ...[[European Car of the Year]] titles in 1976 and 1978, respectively. Simca vehicles were also manufactured by [[Simca do Brasil]] in Brazil and [[Barreiros|Bar

...need to re-machine the entire casting. Wet Liner designs are popular with European manufacturers, most notably [[Renault]] and [[Peugeot]] who continue to use ...V8 engine families the Detroit Big Three automakers ([[Ford Motor Company|Ford]], [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] and [[Chrysler]]) have bee

...its [[Fiat]]-based automobiles, which began assembling in 1955 for Eastern European markets. The firm also manufactures military and sporting small arms, most ...umber of vehicles was made until the outbreak the war in 1941. Then in the early 50's some number of Jeeps was made, but the deal with [[Willys-Overland]] (

...was the messenger of the gods, which was reflected in its focus during its early years on performance. ...y brand was phased out in 2010, while Ford Motor Company will focus on the Ford and [[Lincoln]] brands.

...th common mechanical components beneath their distinctive exteriors, these vehicles were a lucrative segment of the post-World War II automotive marketplace. ...ines and other mechanical components, but with unique styling. A prominent early example was the 1953 open top [[Cadillac Eldorado]], where customized styli

...|car]] produced by the then newly formed ''Continental Division'' of the [[Ford Motor Company]] during 1956 and 1957. Many aficionados of the automobile co ...]] of the 1940s, which had been possibly the most notable car of the '40s. Ford, often regarded as producers of many competent cars but few exciting ones,

A '''supermini''' is a European [[car classification|classification]] that describes [[automobile|car]]s la ..., it included such cars as the [[Austin Metro]], [[Volkswagen Polo]] and [[Ford Fiesta]]. Smaller or more basic cars were grouped under a ''Bargain Basemen

[[Ford Motor Company|Ford Motor Company]] uses the following [[w:Vehicle identification number|VIN]] ==American Ford==

Early manual automotive [[Transmission|transmissions]] were limited to three or s ...e gearshift knob, and does not require operation of the [[clutch]]. Newer vehicles have electronic overdrive in which the computer automatically adjusts to th

==Early Years== ...rket in 2008, the year the of the Beijing Olympics, but after several test vehicles failed U.S. crash and emissions tests, Geely's debut in America has been de

...mobile" is a retronym for "horseless carriage," the original name for such vehicles, which is still in use today. Such very old vehicles present special challenges to today's collectors. Replacement parts must n

|Marque = [[Ford]] |aka = Ford Focus ST<br>Ford Focus ST500

...rnment of Wuhu (but is scheduled to be privatized), and sold about 305,000 vehicles in 2006. It is the largest independent Chinese auto manufacturer and one o ===Early years===

...in production, having been replaced by the M12. The only place new Noble vehicles are available in the United States is 1G Racing, located in Ohio. ...All versions are powered by modified [[turbocharged]] [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Duratec]] [[V6]] [[internal-combustion engine|engine]]s. The standard M

==Introduction & early history== ...stolid, dependable, well engineered (and largely unexciting) middle-market vehicles. Famous Rootes models include the [[Hillman Minx]], [[Singer Gazelle]], [[H

...designed and built in America in a joint venture with [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]], called [[Auto Alliance]]. * [[Ford Probe]]

...h to the 1980s. [[Bedford Vehicles]], a subsidiary constructing commercial vehicles, was established in 1930 as the Stock Market Crash of 1929 had made importi ...ightened up significantly, but the reputation dogged the company until the early 1980s.

...r=Nascar.about.com |date=2008-04-04 |accessdate=2009-08-20}}</ref>. In the early days of NASCAR, stock cars were in fact built from production cars, whereas ...mula One]], the similarity of the cars both to each other and to fans' own vehicles makes for entertaining, well-supported racing. The lesser impact of aerody

'''Car classification''' is subjective since many vehicles fall into multiple categories or do not fit well into any. Not all car type Straddling the boundary between car and motorbike, these vehicles have engines under 1.0 litre, typically seat only two passengers, and are s

...road users, to control glare. This beam is intended for use whenever other vehicles are present ahead. The international [[ECE Regulations]] specify a beam wit [[Image:2005_winter_road_full_beam.jpg|thumb|right|European E-code high/full beam]]

| [[Ford Scorpio]]<br>[[Opel Omega]]<br>[[Renault Safrane]]<br>[[Volvo 700 series|Vo ...000 XMs during the model's 10 years of production. The XM was voted 1990 [[European Car of the Year]].

...ence/discoveries/news/2009/04/dayintech_0417 Borroz, Tony "April 17, 1964: Ford Mustang Starts Galloping" ''Wired'' 2009-04-17], retrieved on 2009-06-18.</ ...eral years Ford explored various plans for reviving some equivalent of the early Thunderbird.

...body. It was first introduced at the Chicago Auto Show, and introduced in early 1981 as a 1982 model vehicle. ! colspan=2 | '''Ford EXP'''

...egan in Burnaby, B.C., in 1961, to reduce the duty penalty on the complete vehicles sold in Canada. Assembly plants in Indianapolis and Chino, CA, complemente ...ndent and highly selective North American truck market proved elusive. An early attempt, using a Mercedes-Benz cab from Europe on a chassis designed for a

...r Office. At the end of the First World War, AC Cars started making motor vehicles again, designing and building many successful cars at Ferry Works. In 1922 ...peed. In 1962 AC was approached by [[Carroll Shelby]] to use a small block Ford V8 Motor in the Ace chassis, producing the [[AC Cobra]]. Shelby needed a ca

...ne]] is not required for a sports car, even though many possess them. Most early British sports cars lacked a powerful engine and did not accelerate as quic ...me="Georgano">{{cite book| last = Georgano | first = G. N. | title = Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930 | publisher = Grange-Universal | date = 1985 | locat

==Early history== ...o the bodywork and gearchange for the subsequent 1949 and 1950 GP2 and GP3 vehicles, GP3 also gaining a two-stage supercharger. Once again they were built to o

...urists will insist that a sports car by definition is limited to two-place vehicles. In vehicles with a separate frame or [[chassis]], the term ''bodywork'' is normally app

...ine.co.uk/article/0,,9067-2364242,00.html | accessdate =2006-09-19}}</ref> Ford had acquired an option of first refusal to buy the Rover brand as a result In the early 1880s the cycles available were the relatively dangerous penny-farthings an

[[Image:07 Freestar.jpg|2007 [[Ford Freestar]] Van|right|thumb|300px]] ...]] to the five metre long (LWB) variants of the [[Mercedes Sprinter]] van. Vehicles larger than this are classified as trucks (or lorries in British English).

...hit overseas, as well. [[Plymouth]] was part of [[Chrysler]] back in the early 60s, and the Valiant was actually marketed as the [[Chrysler Valiant]] in A ...ed to turn that around at the same time. Chevy came out with the Corvair, Ford the Falcon (the original name for the Valiant!) and Plymouth (Chrysler) the

...do not travel public streets or highways are generally termed off-highway vehicles, which would include tractors, forklifts, cranes, backhoes, bulldozers and ...eas distant from pavement. The use of higher clearance and higher traction vehicles enables access on trails and [[forest road]]s that have rough and low tract

===Early systems=== ...ors. One hundred [[Ford Crown Victoria|Crown Victoria]] cars were built at Ford's Atlanta Assembly in Hapeville, Georgia utilizing a ProCo V8 engine. The p

==Early history== ...e grille, distinctively Chevrolet style, that separated the Opala from its European Opel syblings and the park/turning lamps, were fitted below, in the front b

...n all three in the same year, but an error in the [[team orders]] of the [[Ford GT40]] team at Le Mans in 1966 took the win from him, although he finished ===Early evolution of sports cars and sports car racing===

...under license from [[Willys-Overland]] until production was halted in the early 1950s. ...obile entrepreneur [[Malcolm Bricklin]] tested the U.S. market for Zastava vehicles, now branded as Yugo, in Verplanck, New York. As a result, in the summer of

...and glossy enamels which reflected sunlight or the light of oncoming motor vehicles into the driver's eyes. This problem, according to Nader, was well known by ...ven in the Corvair chapter, Nader offers much about the shift quadrants on early [[automatic transmission]]-equipped cars. Several examples are given of per

|Engine = S1/S2 1470 or 1565 Modified Renault R16, TC/TCS Lotus-Ford Twin Cam ...ace car, which [[Ford]] later introduced as the [[Ford GT40|GT40]], in the early 1960s.

...gine]] of conventional Vee design would have required lengthening existing vehicles to provide enough [[crumple zone]] between the front of the vehicle and the ...ine|valves]]. This simplifies engine construction, and reduces costs. In early 12&nbsp;valve VR6 engines, there are two overhead camshafts with six [[cam|

...which uses hydrogen]as its primary source of power for locomotion. These vehicles generally use the hydrogen in one of two methods: combustion or [[fuel-cell ...chnical and economic challenges to implementing wide-scale use of hydrogen vehicles; the timeframes in which such challenges may be overcome is unclear and a p

...v1.1) and 1986-1994 (LHP2, v1.1) Range Rovers, for example, refers to the vehicles as "Range Rover Classic", despite never being called that when they were or ...ad use. Overdrive for use with third and fourth gears was an option on the early four-speed manual boxes. The engine was originally a detuned (135 bhp) vers

...es [[vehicle manufacturer]]s and importers, allows or blocks the import of vehicles and safety-regulated vehicle parts, administers the [[vehicle identificatio ...adopt its (or any other) vehicle safety regulations at that time. However, vehicles meeting the ECE safety standards were legal to import into the United State

There have been airbag-like devices for airplanes as early as the 1940s, with the first patents filed in the 1950s. [[Ford]] built an experimental fleet of cars with airbags in 1971. Then, GM who h

The company tunes and races Honda vehicles in the [[Super GT]] championship, and, additionally, sells aftermarket part ...evasion scandal, and a new company called M-TEC was established shortly in early 2004. M-TEC retained the right to use the Mugen trademark and is based in t

===The early years=== ...Italian [[Fiat]] or French [[Peugeot]] companies soon developed their own vehicles to try to win the event, which they did from 1913 to 1919. However, after W

Two North American vehicles, the [[Chevrolet El Camino]] and [[Ford Ranchero]] are not technically trucks. This is because the have a spot weld ...rth American pickups come in ''[[Full-size car|full-size]]'' (large, heavy vehicles often with [[V8]] or six-cylinder engines), ''mid-size'', and ''[[Compact c

...g Three." The motor car has become an integral part of American life, with vehicles outnumbering licensed drivers.<ref name="BTS1"/> ...nsed drivers since 1972 at an ever increasing rate, while light trucks and vehicles manufactured by foreign marques have gained a larger share of the automotiv

* [[Ford Escape Hybrid]] For European and Asian markets, the second generation RX was launched in early 2003, where it continues to be a RX 300 and is made in Japan. Mechanical sp

==The Early Esprit (1976-1980)== ...e [[Jensen Healey]]. The engine displaced 2.0 liters, produced 160 bhp in European trim (140 bhp in US/Federal trim), and was mounted longitudinally behind th

===Early days=== ...t [[Le Mans]] and [[12 Hours of Sebring|Sebring]] with some success in the early 50s.

===Early races=== ...[[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Delahaye]], and [[Bugatti]] constructing streamlined vehicles with engines producing up to 450&nbsp;kW (612&nbsp;hp), aided by multiple-s

...race was changed to: ''Paris to Rouen 1894''. Competitors included factory vehicles from [[Karl Benz]]'s Benz & Cie. and [[Gottlieb Daimler]] and [[Wilhelm May ...[[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Delahaye]] and [[Bugatti]] constructing stream-lined vehicles with engines producing up to 450 kW(612HP) with the aid of multiple superch

...]] [[Lexus|Lexus]]/Toyota SUV will be delayed to the 2006 model year, with European and Asian launches to meet the same fate. The Toyota version of the same ca For European and Asian markets, the second generation RX was launched in early 2003, where it continues to be a RX 300 and is made in Japan. Mechanical sp

...rest in low- and zero-emissions transportation was reignited. As such, the early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras based on the ===Early automobiles===

...), established in 1930; and constructing [[commercial vehicle]]s. Bedford Vehicles was a leading international [[truck]] manufacturer, with substantial export ...trucks manufactured at their Canadian works. This enabled them to import vehicles into Britain under Imperial Preference, which favoured products from the Br

...m was traced to acute wear of the rotor tip seals. The problem occurred as early as 15,000 miles, but NSU was very generous with warranty claims, granting a ...ng term future. Early solutions to the engine conversion question used the Ford narrow angle 2000 CC V4 engine from the Corsair. This conversion is to be a

...rkmen added parts to it that were brought to them by other conveyor belts. Ford's utilization of the conveyor belt in the factory was inspired by the Chica ...arehouse.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Large people visiting a large store in large vehicles.]]

...ancing, easy monthly payments allowed far more people to buy GM cars—while Ford was moralistically opposed to credit. During the 1920s and 1930s, General M ...in American submarines and destroyer escorts.) Electro-Motive was sold in early 2005.

|Similar = [[Lincoln MKT]]<br>[[Ford Taurus]]<br>[[Volvo S80]] ...icle_id=24002|title=Ford Confirms New Shelby GT and Lincoln MKS Sedan|work=Ford press release|accessdate=August 10|accessyear=2007}}</ref>. It is based on

...nclined plane with all the [[piston]]s driving a common [[crankshaft]]; in vehicles where this engine is installed inclined versus vertical, it is sometimes ca ...vo AB|Volvo]] diesel engine and the 15 liter [[Cummins]] ISX used in heavy vehicles.<ref>Nunney, p. 4</ref> The largest are used to power ships, and use fuel

'''Drag racing''' is a competition in which vehicles compete to be the first to cross a set finish line, usually from a standing ...mph (530 km/h), depending upon the type of vehicle being used. The faster vehicles then need a parachute to slow down, an innovation credited (indirectly) to

...ent to the thorough design and quirky character of the Panda, it was named European Car of the Year in 2004. Introduced to European markets in 2003, the Panda range remained rather stagnant until 2005.

...ry vans, trucks, buses, military vehicles, and other medium- to heavy-duty vehicles. ...s have been identified as having significant potential as alternative fuel vehicles.<ref>Simpson, A. (2006) [http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/40485.pdf "Cost-

...s, from both imported luxury marques like Lexus and Infiniti, and from the Ford Motor Company's own foreign luxury brands. ...Leland, one of the founders of Cadillac (built on the remains of the Henry Ford Company), left the [[Cadillac]] division of [[General Motors]] during World

...oper]] <br> [[Smart ForTwo]]<br> [[Nissan Micra]]<br>[[Suzuki Swift]]<br>[[Ford Fiesta]] ...ou will never be able to buy one as it will only be available to Ferrari's European sales network as a courtesy "loaner" in case your prancing horse thoroughbr

...manual/5-speed LT85 manual/5-speed LT77 manual/5-speed R380 manual/6-speed Ford MT82 manual<br>2-speed LT230 permanent 4WD transfer box with lockable cente ...iesel (200Tdi/300Tdi)<br>2.5L I5 Turbo Diesel(Td5)<br>2.4 I4 Turbo Diesel (Ford Tdci)<br>3.5L V8 Petrol<br>3.9L V8 Fuel-Injected Petrol<br>2.8L I6 BMW M52

|Events = '''[[FIA]] [[Formula One]]'''<br>[[German Grand Prix]]<br>[[European Grand Prix]]<br> [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]], [[24 Hours Nürburgr In the early 1920s [[ADAC]] [[Eifelrennen]] races were held on public roads in the Eifel

...uch as [[bus]]es and [[Large Goods Vehicle|commercial vehicles]], non-road vehicles such as [[Kart racing|go-karts]], snowmobiles, boats (fixed engine installa ...ain journals and camshaft bearings operating the valves. In typical modern vehicles, oil pressure-fed from the oil galleries to the main bearings enters holes

...d Trinidad and Tobago. Holden has offered a reasonably full range of other vehicles, some locally produced but others sourced from various other parts of the G :Woodville sole local body supplier for [[General Motors Corporation|GM vehicles]]

| Ford Laser ...the '''Protegé'''. In South Africa it was known as the '''Etude'''. The Ford Focus-based '''Mazda 3''' replaced this platform for 2004, though Mazda sti

The CX was voted [[European Car of the Year]] in 1975. It is considered by some enthusiasts as the last The final nail in the coffin was the U.S. decision to criminalize passenger vehicles with [[height adjustable suspension]], from January 1974. Citroën actually

'''Battery electric vehicles''' or '''BEV'''s are [[electric vehicle]]s whose main energy storage is in ...mes used, forming a type of [[hybrid vehicle]]. Batteries used in electric vehicles include "flooded" lead-acid, absorbed glass mat, NiCd, nickel metal hydride

...lthough they ''are'' part of ''amphibious assault''. Nor are Ground effect vehicles, such as Ekranoplans. The former don't offer any real land transportation a ...ody configurations or other unconventional designs such as screw-propelled vehicles which use auger-like barrels which propel a vehicle through muddy terrain w

...rd Mustang|Mustang]], but later versions of the Cougar were based on the [[Ford Thunderbird|Thunderbird]], and the last was a version of the [[Mercury Myst | [[Ford Mustang]]

...''Sirocco'' wind — and the period in its history when [[Volkswagen]] named vehicles after prominent winds, including also [[Volkswagen Passat|Passat]] (after t Certain [[automobile|vehicles]] come in different trim levels or body styles. Features and major options

| [[Mercedes-Benz W111|Mercedes-Benz 220SEb]]<br>[[Ford Zephyr]]<br>[[Rover P6]] ...in 1955, public tastes appear to have caught up with the DS in the post-[[Ford Taurus]]/[[Audi 100]] era.

...een 1983 and 1997. It is probably one of the most representative hatchback vehicles of the 1980s. It was declared 'Car of the Decade' by CAR magazine in 1990. ...1978 of [[Simca]], which had the necessary expertise in making small cars. Early 205s used the "Douvrin" engine from the older Peugeot 104, although these w

...unt of fuel, and its delivery into the engine, are known as fuel metering. Early injection systems used mechanical methods to meter fuel (non electronic, or ...ly systems were generally used on exotic performance vehicles, such as the early [[V8]] powered [[Chevy Corvette|Corvettes]], or for racing.

...luxury utility vehicles; also without an automated suspension set up. The vehicles soft suspension does remove it sporting potential. When compared to the BMW ...urrent generation, but a 2005 model year and a 2004 Infiniti FX. All other vehicles were current generation, but not necessarily the current model year.

...ruLegacyEuropeanType.jpg|Fourth-generation 2004 Legacy 3.0R Station Wagon, European Version ...|| SIA celebrates the 1-million-unit milestone in its production of Subaru vehicles.

...n large part because Americans have a bad memory of older diesels from the early 80's, which developed a reputation for being noisy, smokey, slow and foul-s ...s will no longer have to be redesigned to cope with higher sulfur content. European diesels are both more advanced technologically and much more popular with b

...007-03-09}}</ref> In 2011, the standard will change to include many larger vehicles.<ref>{{cite web ...ing among first world nations, e.g. 25 mpg in the US, versus 45 mpg in the European Union and higher in Japan (2008).<ref>{{cite web

...men who created hot rodding and hot rod culture. Here's a picture of a '32 Ford Roadster, a contemporary car, but one built on the style of those first hot ...ually even roadability. The famous "drop tank roadsters" exemplified these early forefathers of the machines that would some day exceed the speed of sound o

...nterest and entries from leading manufacturers. Prizes were awarded to the vehicles by a jury based on the reports of the observers who rode in each car; the j ...nt led directly to a period of city-to-city road races in France and other European countries, which introduced many of the features found in later rallies: in

...o offered as a passenger compact van called the Greenbrier, and commercial vehicles were also initially offered; the "Corvan 95" panel van and two versions of ...he design was championed by [[Ed Cole]], Chevrolet's chief engineer in the early 1950s and general manager in the late 1950s, as an answer to the growing po

...ly used for starting from a standstill. This procedure is common in racing vehicles and most production motorcycles. ...op and driver's side view of a typical manual transmission, in this case a Ford [[Toploader Transmission|"Toploader"]], used in cars with external floor sh

'''''Top Gear''''' is a BBC television series about motor vehicles, primarily [[automobile|cars]]. [[Top Gear (1977 TV series)|It began in 197 In early 2006, the BBC had planned to move the filming site from Dunsfold to Enstone

...as one of the most refined, well-engineered, and technologically advanced vehicles in the high-end luxury car segment. As the LS' suspension is tuned primaril ...dicating a system malfunction. Lexus will be contacting owners of affected vehicles via e-mail, and Lexus dealers will replace parts at no cost. [http://www.au