Derailleur gears - Revision history

Red marquis at 19:07, 27 September 2009

2009-09-27T19:07:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:07, 27 September 2009
Line 62:		Line 62:

	[[Category:Gears]]		[[Category:Gears]]
			[[Category:Transmissions]]

PNiddy: /* External links */

2007-07-27T13:20:12Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:20, 27 July 2007
Line 60:		Line 60:
	*[http://www.classiclightweights.co.uk/campagnolo.html Pictures and description of Campagnolo Paris-Roubaix and Cambio Corsa gear mechanisms ]		*[http://www.classiclightweights.co.uk/campagnolo.html Pictures and description of Campagnolo Paris-Roubaix and Cambio Corsa gear mechanisms ]

	~~[[Category:Bicycle parts]]~~
	[[Category:Gears]]		[[Category:Gears]]

Red marquis: /* Multi-speed versus single-speed */

2006-12-12T02:48:49Z

Multi-speed versus single-speed

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:48, 12 December 2006
Line 33:		Line 33:

	==Multi-speed versus single-speed==		==Multi-speed versus single-speed==
	Some ~~[[Fixed gear bicycle\|~~Fixed-gear]] and ~~[[single speed bicycle\|~~single-speed~~]] [[cyclist]]s~~ eschew the use of derailleurs, favoring a simpler, more rugged configuration, with fewer or no cables.		Some Fixed-gear and single-speed cyclists eschew the use of derailleurs, favoring a simpler, more rugged configuration, with fewer or no cables.
	They enjoy quoting [[Henri Desgrange]], the founder of the [[Tour de France]]:		They enjoy quoting Henri Desgrange, the founder of the Tour de France:
	:"I still feel that variable gears are only for people over forty-five. Isn't it better to triumph by the strength of your muscles than by the artifice of a derailer? We are getting soft...As for me, give me a fixed gear!" (''L'Équipe'' article of 1902)		:"I still feel that variable gears are only for people over forty-five. Isn't it better to triumph by the strength of your muscles than by the artifice of a derailer? We are getting soft...As for me, give me a fixed gear!" (''L'Équipe'' article of 1902)

Red marquis: /* See also */

2006-12-12T02:48:11Z

Red marquis: /* Alternative gear systems */

2006-12-12T02:47:36Z

Alternative gear systems

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:47, 12 December 2006
Line 30:		Line 30:

	==Alternative gear systems==		==Alternative gear systems==
	An alternative type of gear system used on bicycles is [[hub gear]]s, which were popular on [[utility ~~bicycle\|utility bike]]s~~ until the [[1970s]], when derailleur systems became available in lower-priced bikes. Hub gears are still very popular in [[Europe]], as the gear can be changed when the bike is stationary, which makes them suitable for ~~[[Utility cycling\|~~riding in city traffic]] with lots of stops and starts. The gears are also enclosed in the hub, and consequently require less maintenance. However, they usually have a smaller number of transmission ratios (i.e. speeds), although lately a 14 speed internal hub gearing system became available, with a gear range as wide as a [[mountain bike]]'s 27-speed derailleur system, the [[Rohloff Speedhub]].		An alternative type of gear system used on bicycles is [[hub gear]]s, which were popular on utility bikes until the 1970s, when derailleur systems became available in lower-priced bikes. Hub gears are still very popular in Europe, as the gear can be changed when the bike is stationary, which makes them suitable for riding in city traffic with lots of stops and starts. The gears are also enclosed in the hub, and consequently require less maintenance. However, they usually have a smaller number of transmission ratios (i.e. speeds), although lately a 14 speed internal hub gearing system became available, with a gear range as wide as a mountain bike's 27-speed derailleur system, the [[Rohloff Speedhub]].

	==Multi-speed versus single-speed==		==Multi-speed versus single-speed==

Red marquis: /* Modern derailleur types */

2006-12-12T02:46:49Z

Modern derailleur types

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:46, 12 December 2006
Line 17:		Line 17:
	==Modern derailleur types==		==Modern derailleur types==

	The major innovations since then have been the switch from friction to indexed shifting and the gradual increase in the number of gears. With friction shifting, the rider first moves the lever enough for the chain to jump to the next sprocket, and then adjusts the lever a slight amount to center the chain. An indexed shifter has distinct clicks for each gear, and the rider merely moves the lever to the click they want without a second adjustment movement. However, indexed shifters can be difficult to re-calibrate when cables stretch or when pieces are swapped out. On [[racing ~~bicycle]]s~~, 10-gear rear cassettes are appearing as of [[2000]] for a total of 20 or 30 gears. Most current mountain bicycles have three front chainrings; while road bicycles may have two or three. Many road cyclists will rarely use the smallest ring and opt for two rings to reduce weight, especially if they are participating in a race.		The major innovations since then have been the switch from friction to indexed shifting and the gradual increase in the number of gears. With friction shifting, the rider first moves the lever enough for the chain to jump to the next sprocket, and then adjusts the lever a slight amount to center the chain. An indexed shifter has distinct clicks for each gear, and the rider merely moves the lever to the click they want without a second adjustment movement. However, indexed shifters can be difficult to re-calibrate when cables stretch or when pieces are swapped out. On racing bicycles, 10-gear rear cassettes are appearing as of 2000 for a total of 20 or 30 gears. Most current mountain bicycles have three front chainrings; while road bicycles may have two or three. Many road cyclists will rarely use the smallest ring and opt for two rings to reduce weight, especially if they are participating in a race.
	Derailleur gears are the most common type of gears used on bicycles today.		Derailleur gears are the most common type of gears used on bicycles today.
	<br style="clear:both" />		<br style="clear:both" />

	* High-normal rear derailleurs when no cable tension is applied will return to the smallest cog on the cassette. Most [[Shimano]] mountain, all Shimano road, and all [[SRAM ~~(bicycles)\|SRAM]]~~ and [[Campagnolo]] derailleurs are high-normal designs.		* High-normal rear derailleurs when no cable tension is applied will return to the smallest cog on the cassette. Most Shimano mountain, all Shimano road, and all SRAM and Campagnolo derailleurs are high-normal designs.

	* Low-normal rear derailleurs for mountain bikes are manufactured by Shimano. These derailleurs, introduced in 2004 in the XT and XTR groups maintain position over the largest cog on the cassette when no cable tension is applied. From a user interface point of view they shift opposite to other mountain bike derailleurs. The user 'clicks' the index finger trigger to move to a larger cog, and pushes with the thumb trigger to select a smaller cog.		* Low-normal rear derailleurs for mountain bikes are manufactured by Shimano. These derailleurs, introduced in 2004 in the XT and XTR groups maintain position over the largest cog on the cassette when no cable tension is applied. From a user interface point of view they shift opposite to other mountain bike derailleurs. The user 'clicks' the index finger trigger to move to a larger cog, and pushes with the thumb trigger to select a smaller cog.

	* The distance between the upper and lower jockey wheels of a rear derailleur is known as the cage length. The capacity of a derailleur to take up chain slack is dependent on its cage length. This varies depending on the size difference between the largest and smallest rings on the crankset. Typical cross country mountain bikes with three front chainrings will use a long cage rear derailleur. Shimano and Campagnolo road derailleurs are available in either short, medium or long cage versions, for use with double or triple front cranksets and various cassette ratios. Some mountain bike derailleurs are also available in an extra-short cage length, typically used with a single fixed front ring such as found on [[downhill mountain bikes]].		* The distance between the upper and lower jockey wheels of a rear derailleur is known as the cage length. The capacity of a derailleur to take up chain slack is dependent on its cage length. This varies depending on the size difference between the largest and smallest rings on the crankset. Typical cross country mountain bikes with three front chainrings will use a long cage rear derailleur. Shimano and Campagnolo road derailleurs are available in either short, medium or long cage versions, for use with double or triple front cranksets and various cassette ratios. Some mountain bike derailleurs are also available in an extra-short cage length, typically used with a single fixed front ring such as found on downhill mountain bikes.

	* E-Type front derailleurs are attached to the frame by a plate mounted under the drive side bottom bracket cup and a screw threaded into a boss on the seat tube. These derailleurs are usually found on mountain bikes with four or more inches of rear suspension travel.		* E-Type front derailleurs are attached to the frame by a plate mounted under the drive side bottom bracket cup and a screw threaded into a boss on the seat tube. These derailleurs are usually found on mountain bikes with four or more inches of rear suspension travel.

Red marquis at 02:46, 12 December 2006

2006-12-12T02:46:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:46, 12 December 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{transmission types}}		{{transmission types}}
	'''Derailleur gears''' are a variable ratio [[transmission (mechanics)\|transmission]] system commonly used on ~~[[bicycle]]s~~, consisting of a ~~[[bicycle~~ chain~~\|chain]]~~, multiple '''[[sprocket]]s''' and a mechanism to move the chain from one sprocket to another. Although widely referred to as "~~[[gear]]s~~", bicycle "gears" should properly be referred to as '''sprockets''' since they are driven by, or drive, a chain; and are not driven by one another.		'''Derailleur gears''' are a variable ratio [[transmission (mechanics)\|transmission]] system commonly used on bicycles, consisting of a chain, multiple '''[[sprocket]]s''' and a mechanism to move the chain from one sprocket to another. Although widely referred to as "gears", bicycle "gears" should properly be referred to as '''sprockets''' since they are driven by, or drive, a chain; and are not driven by one another.

	Modern front and rear derailleurs typically consist of a moveable chain-guide that is operated remotely by a [[Bowden cable]] attached to a shift lever mounted on the ~~[[bicycle frame\|~~down tube]], [[handlebar]] stem, or handlebar. When a rider operates the lever while pedaling, the change in cable tension moves the chain-guide from side to side, "derailing" the chain onto different sprockets. To both guide the chain to the selected sprocket and maintain chain tension by taking up any slack caused by changing to a smaller sprocket, the rear derailleur has two ~~[[pulley]]s~~ in a ~~[[Spring (device)\|~~spring-loaded]] rotating cage, through which the chain rolls in an [[S]]-shaped pattern. The pulleys are known as the ''guide pulley'' (top) and the ''tension pulley'' (bottom). Together they are commonly referred to as the jockey pulleys or wheels. The front derailleur has a cage that should touch the chain only while shifting between the front chainrings.		Modern front and rear derailleurs typically consist of a moveable chain-guide that is operated remotely by a Bowden cable attached to a shift lever mounted on the down tube, handlebar stem, or handlebar. When a rider operates the lever while pedaling, the change in cable tension moves the chain-guide from side to side, "derailing" the chain onto different sprockets. To both guide the chain to the selected sprocket and maintain chain tension by taking up any slack caused by changing to a smaller sprocket, the rear derailleur has two pulleys in a spring-loaded rotating cage, through which the chain rolls in an S-shaped pattern. The pulleys are known as the ''guide pulley'' (top) and the ''tension pulley'' (bottom). Together they are commonly referred to as the jockey pulleys or wheels. The front derailleur has a cage that should touch the chain only while shifting between the front chainrings.

	==History==		==History==

	~~<!-- [[Image:Ritzelpaket 01 KMJ.jpg\|thumb\|9x multiple sprockets of a Derailleur gear]] -->~~		Various derailleur systems were designed and built in the late 1800s.
	~~<!-- [[Image:Kettenschaltung-einstellen-018.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Campagnolo C-Record rear derailleur seen from the rear of the bicycle, showing slant-parallelogram design]] -->~~		The French bicycle tourist, writer and cycling promoter Paul de Vivie, aka ''Velocio'', (1853-1930) invented a two speed derailleur in 1905 which he used on extensive forays into the Alps.
	Various derailleur systems were designed and built in the late [[1800s]].
	The ~~[[France\|~~French]] bicycle tourist, writer and cycling promoter [[Paul de Vivie]], aka ''Velocio'', (1853-1930) invented a two speed derailleur in [[1905]] which he used on extensive forays into the Alps.
	Some early designs used a system of rods to move the chain onto various gears.		Some early designs used a system of rods to move the chain onto various gears.
	Derailleurs did not become common road racing equipment until [[1938]] when [[Simplex ~~bicycle components\|Simplex]]~~ introduced their cable shifted derailleur.		Derailleurs did not become common road racing equipment until 1938 when Simplex introduced their cable shifted derailleur.
	In the early [[1950s]] the cable-operated, parallelogram variety used on today's bicycles was introduced by [[Tullio Campagnolo]], who also invented the ~~[[Quick release\|~~quick release skewer]] for attaching the wheels.		In the early 1950s the cable-operated, parallelogram variety used on today's bicycles was introduced by Tullio Campagnolo, who also invented the quick release skewer for attaching the wheels.
	With Campagnolo's introduction of the parallelogram derailleur, [[Campagnolo]] became the standard for high quality derailleurs for several decades with its ''Gran Sport'', ''Record'', ''Super Record'' gears. Before the 1990s many other manufacturers also made derailleurs, including Simplex, Huret, Galli, Mavic, Gipiemme, Zeus, Suntour, and Shimano. However with introduction of indexed gears which required all parts of the drivetrain to be specifically compatible, and the increasing use of complete groupsets made by one company, today Campagnolo and [[Shimano]] are the two main manufacturers of derailleur gears, with Campagnolo only making road cycling derailleurs and Shimano both for road and [[mountain ~~bike]]s~~. American manufacturer [[SRAM ~~(bicycles)\|SRAM]]~~ specializes in derailleur systems for [[mountain ~~bike]]s~~, but as of 2006 SRAM has introduced a drivetrain system for road bicycles.		With Campagnolo's introduction of the parallelogram derailleur, [[Campagnolo]] became the standard for high quality derailleurs for several decades with its ''Gran Sport'', ''Record'', ''Super Record'' gears. Before the 1990s many other manufacturers also made derailleurs, including Simplex, Huret, Galli, Mavic, Gipiemme, Zeus, Suntour, and Shimano. However with introduction of indexed gears which required all parts of the drivetrain to be specifically compatible, and the increasing use of complete groupsets made by one company, today Campagnolo and Shimano are the two main manufacturers of derailleur gears, with Campagnolo only making road cycling derailleurs and Shimano both for road and mountain bikes. American manufacturer SRAM specializes in derailleur systems for mountain bikes, but as of 2006 SRAM has introduced a drivetrain system for road bicycles.

	In [[1964]], [[Suntour]] invented the slant-parallelogram rear derailleur, which allows the jockey wheels to maintain a more constant distance from the different sized sprockets, resulting in easier shifting. Once the patents expired, the other manufacturers adopted this design, at least for their better derailleur models.		In 1964, Suntour invented the slant-parallelogram rear derailleur, which allows the jockey wheels to maintain a more constant distance from the different sized sprockets, resulting in easier shifting. Once the patents expired, the other manufacturers adopted this design, at least for their better derailleur models.

	==Modern derailleur types==		==Modern derailleur types==

Red marquis: /* Modern derailleur types */

2006-12-12T02:40:21Z

Modern derailleur types

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:40, 12 December 2006
Line 29:		Line 29:
	* The distance between the upper and lower jockey wheels of a rear derailleur is known as the cage length. The capacity of a derailleur to take up chain slack is dependent on its cage length. This varies depending on the size difference between the largest and smallest rings on the crankset. Typical cross country mountain bikes with three front chainrings will use a long cage rear derailleur. Shimano and Campagnolo road derailleurs are available in either short, medium or long cage versions, for use with double or triple front cranksets and various cassette ratios. Some mountain bike derailleurs are also available in an extra-short cage length, typically used with a single fixed front ring such as found on [[downhill mountain bikes]].		* The distance between the upper and lower jockey wheels of a rear derailleur is known as the cage length. The capacity of a derailleur to take up chain slack is dependent on its cage length. This varies depending on the size difference between the largest and smallest rings on the crankset. Typical cross country mountain bikes with three front chainrings will use a long cage rear derailleur. Shimano and Campagnolo road derailleurs are available in either short, medium or long cage versions, for use with double or triple front cranksets and various cassette ratios. Some mountain bike derailleurs are also available in an extra-short cage length, typically used with a single fixed front ring such as found on [[downhill mountain bikes]].

	~~[[Image:Shimano_LX_front_derailleur_e-type.JPG\|thumb\|200px\|Shimano E-Type Front Derailleur]]~~
	* E-Type front derailleurs are attached to the frame by a plate mounted under the drive side bottom bracket cup and a screw threaded into a boss on the seat tube. These derailleurs are usually found on mountain bikes with four or more inches of rear suspension travel.		* E-Type front derailleurs are attached to the frame by a plate mounted under the drive side bottom bracket cup and a screw threaded into a boss on the seat tube. These derailleurs are usually found on mountain bikes with four or more inches of rear suspension travel.

Red marquis: /* Modern derailleur types */

2006-12-12T02:40:05Z

Modern derailleur types

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:40, 12 December 2006
Line 18:		Line 18:

	==Modern derailleur types==		==Modern derailleur types==
	~~<!--[[Image:Mountain bicycle.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|Mountain bicycle with Derailleur gears]] -->~~
	~~[[Image:Shimano-xt-front-derailleur.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Shimano XT front derailleur on a mountain bike]]~~
	The major innovations since then have been the switch from friction to indexed shifting and the gradual increase in the number of gears. With friction shifting, the rider first moves the lever enough for the chain to jump to the next sprocket, and then adjusts the lever a slight amount to center the chain. An indexed shifter has distinct clicks for each gear, and the rider merely moves the lever to the click they want without a second adjustment movement. However, indexed shifters can be difficult to re-calibrate when cables stretch or when pieces are swapped out. On [[racing bicycle]]s, 10-gear rear cassettes are appearing as of [[2000]] for a total of 20 or 30 gears. Most current mountain bicycles have three front chainrings; while road bicycles may have two or three. Many road cyclists will rarely use the smallest ring and opt for two rings to reduce weight, especially if they are participating in a race.		The major innovations since then have been the switch from friction to indexed shifting and the gradual increase in the number of gears. With friction shifting, the rider first moves the lever enough for the chain to jump to the next sprocket, and then adjusts the lever a slight amount to center the chain. An indexed shifter has distinct clicks for each gear, and the rider merely moves the lever to the click they want without a second adjustment movement. However, indexed shifters can be difficult to re-calibrate when cables stretch or when pieces are swapped out. On [[racing bicycle]]s, 10-gear rear cassettes are appearing as of [[2000]] for a total of 20 or 30 gears. Most current mountain bicycles have three front chainrings; while road bicycles may have two or three. Many road cyclists will rarely use the smallest ring and opt for two rings to reduce weight, especially if they are participating in a race.
	Derailleur gears are the most common type of gears used on bicycles today.		Derailleur gears are the most common type of gears used on bicycles today.

Red marquis at 02:39, 12 December 2006

2006-12-12T02:39:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:39, 12 December 2006
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{transmission types}}
	'''Derailleur gears''' are a variable ratio [[transmission (mechanics)\|transmission]] system commonly used on [[bicycle]]s, consisting of a [[bicycle chain\|chain]], multiple '''[[sprocket]]s''' and a mechanism to move the chain from one sprocket to another. Although widely referred to as "[[gear]]s", bicycle "gears" should properly be referred to as '''sprockets''' since they are driven by, or drive, a chain; and are not driven by one another.		'''Derailleur gears''' are a variable ratio [[transmission (mechanics)\|transmission]] system commonly used on [[bicycle]]s, consisting of a [[bicycle chain\|chain]], multiple '''[[sprocket]]s''' and a mechanism to move the chain from one sprocket to another. Although widely referred to as "[[gear]]s", bicycle "gears" should properly be referred to as '''sprockets''' since they are driven by, or drive, a chain; and are not driven by one another.

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:48, 12 December 2006
Line 41:		Line 41:

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[Single speed bicycle]]		*Single speed bicycle
	*[[Fixed gear bicycle]]		*Fixed gear bicycle
	*[[List of bicycle parts]]		*List of bicycle parts
	*[[Shifter (bicycle part)]]		*Shifter (bicycle part)
	**[[Shimano Total Integration]]		**Shimano Total Integration
	**[[Ergo Shifting]]		**Ergo Shifting
	*[[Gear inches]]		*Gear inches
	*[[Bicycle gearing]]		*Bicycle gearing

	== External links ==		== External links ==