https://wikicars.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Mckinneym 2026-06-04T19:59:27Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.38.4 https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Porsche&diff=14331 2006-07-21T16:02:44Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Ferdinand Porsche.jpg|thumb|right|Ferdinand Porsche]]<br /> &lt;!---If one wishes to edit this page, but needs reliable information, it can be found at the &quot;Ferry Porsche&quot; article about his son---&gt;<br /> Prof. Dr. h.c. '''Ferdinand Porsche''' (September 3, 1875 – January 30, 1951) was an Austrian automotive engineer. Porsche was born to a German speaking family in Maffersdorf (Vratislavice nad Nisou), in the Sudetenland part of former Austria-Hungary. His birthplace is now assigned to the district of Liberec in present-day Czech Republic. Porsche is best known for designing the original [[Volkswagen]] [[Volkswagen Beetle|Beetle]] and for his contributions to advanced German tank designs: Tiger I, Tiger II and the Elefant.<br /> Adolf Hitler honored Porsche in 1937 when he was awarded the German National Prize for Art and Science, one of the rarest decorations in the Third Reich.<br /> <br /> Porsche's son, Ferry Porsche, is the eponym for [[Porsche]] automobiles, initially based to a large extent on the [[Volkswagen|Volkswagen (Beetle)]] design (sometimes, the car type also is mistakingly called &quot;bug&quot;, though that insect is rather flat and edgy instead of showing the popular rounded shape - possibly, because the beetle most think of is called lady''bug'').<br /> <br /> The name Porsche is pronounced with an audible &quot;e&quot; in German, &quot;PORSH-uh&quot;, not &quot;PORSH&quot;. It might be related to Czech &quot;Boreš&quot; [boresh] (or vice versa).<br /> <br /> Porsche showed high aptitude for mechanical work at a very young age. He managed to attend classes at the ''Imperial Technical School'' (today a Czech Gymnasium) in Liberec at night while helping his father in his mechanical shop by day. Thanks to a referral, Porsche landed a job with Bela Egger in Vienna when he turned 18. In Vienna he would sneak into the local University after work whenever he could. Beyond auditing classes there, Porsche had never received any higher engineering education. <br /> <br /> After five years with Bela Egger, Porsche joined the local carriage factory Jakob Lohner &amp; Co. He felt attracted to the nascent automotive industry and Jakob Lohner began construction of automobiles in 1896 under Ludwig Lohner in the trans-Danubian suburb of Floridsdorf, today eponym of Vienna's 21st district. <br /> <br /> Their first design, unveiled in 1898, was the &quot;System Lohner-Porsche&quot;, a carriage powered by an [[internal combustion engine]] with a series-[[hybrid]] drive train composed of four wheel-mounted [[electric motor]]s. They presented the car on the Exposition Universelle 1900 World Exhibition in Paris. The up to 56 km/h (35 mph) fast carriage broke several Austrian speed records, and also won the Exelberg Rally in 1901 with Porsche himself driving. It was later upgraded with more powerful engines from [[Daimler]] and [[Panhard]], which proved to be enough to post more speed records. Over 300 of the Lohner-Porsche carriages were sold to the public. In [[1905]], Porsche was recognized with the ''[[Poetting]] prize'' as Austria's most outstanding automotive engineer.<br /> <br /> In 1902, he was drafted into military service. He served as a chauffeur to [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]], the crown prince of Austria whose assassination sparked World War I a mere decade later.<br /> <br /> In 1906, Austro-Daimler recruited Porsche as their chief designer. Porsche's best known Austro-Daimler car was designed for Prince Henry Trial in 1910, named after Wilhelm II Prince Heinrich. Examples of this streamlined, 85 [[HP|horsepower]] car won the first three places, and the car is still better known by the nickname &quot;Prince Henry&quot; than by its model name &quot;Modell 27/80&quot;.<br /> <br /> Porsche received the honorary [[doctorate]] degree, &quot;Dr. techn h.c.&quot; from Vienna Technical University in 1917. Porsche successfully continued to construct racing cars, winning 43 out of 53 races with his 1922 design. In 1923, Porsche left Austro-Daimler after differences ensued about the future direction of car development.<br /> <br /> Only a few months later he landed a new job as [[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft]]'s Technical Director in Stuttgart, which was already then a major hub for the German automotive industry. He received another honorary doctorate from the University of Stuttgart for his work at Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in Stuttgart and later the honorary title Professor. While at Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, he came up with several very successful race car designs, which dominated car racing in the 1920s. <br /> <br /> In 1926 Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft and [[Karl Benz | Benz &amp; Cie]] merged into [[Daimler-Benz]], with their joint products beginning to be called, [[Mercedes-Benz]]. Porsche's concept of a small, light-weight Mercedes-Benz car was not popular with Daimler-Benz's board, however. He left in 1929 for [[Steyr]], but the Great Depression brought about Steyr's economic collapse and Porsche ended up being unemployed. <br /> <br /> In April 1931 Porsche founded his consulting firm, ''Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH, Konstruktionen und Beratungen für Motoren und Fahrzeugbau'', in Stuttgart, where he returned. Porsche successfully recruited several old coworkers he befriended at his former places of employment:<br /> <br /> *[[Karl Rabe]], chief engineer<br /> *[[Erwin Komenda]], body design<br /> *[[Karl Fröhlich]], transmissions<br /> *[[Josef Kales]], motors<br /> *[[Josef Zahradnik]], steering and suspensions<br /> *[[Franz Xaver Reimspiess]] and [[Josef Mickl]], aerodynamics<br /> *[[Adolf Rosenberger]], business manager<br /> *[[Anton Piëch]], lawyer, Ferdinand Porsche's son-in-law and later father of [[Ferdinand Piëch]] (chairman of Volkswagen 1993-2002)<br /> *[[Ferry Porsche]], his son (Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche)<br /> <br /> Their first project was the design of a middle class car for Wanderer. Other commissioned designs followed. As the business grew, Porsche decided to work on his own design as well, which happened to be a reincarnation of the small car concept from his days at [[Daimler-Benz]] in Stuttgart. He financed the project with a loan on his life insurance. Later Zündapp decided to help sponsor the project, but lost interest after their success with motorcycles. [[NSU Motorenwerke AG|NSU]] then took over the sponsorship, but also lost interest due to the high tooling costs. After that, no one seemed interested in the project until Adolf Hitler made it his agenda to motorize the nation and that every German should own either a car or a tractor in the future. In June 1934, Porsche got a contract to build three prototypes based on his design. The three cars were completed in winter 1936. [[Daimler-Benz]] was contracted to build an additional 30 prototypes. A new city, &quot;Stadt des KdF-Wagens&quot;, near to Fallersleben was founded for the factory. The city is named Wolfsburg today and is still the seat of [[Volkswagen]].<br /> <br /> At about the same time, Porsche designed a racing car for [[Auto Union]] to compete with [[Daimler-Benz]]'s Silver Arrows. The car became known by the name P-Wagen and was both innovative and successful.<br /> <br /> Ferdinand Porsche became involved with the construction of the factory in Wolfsburg. He handed over his racing projects to his son, Ferry. Ferdinand also accepted further projects from the Third Reich, including the design and construction of tanks such as the Elefant. Those projects also involved [[forced labor]], as was routine in the days of the Third Reich. It is safe to assume that slave labor was used at the Volkswagen factory as well.<br /> <br /> After the war, in November 1945, Porsche was asked to continue the design of the Volkswagen in France and to move the factory equipment there as part of [[war reparations]]. Differences within the French government and objections from the French automotive industry put a halt to this project before it even begun. Ferdinand Porsche, Anton Piëch, and [[Ferry Porsche]] were arrested as war criminals on December 15, 1945. Ferry was set free, but Ferdinand and Anton were held in a Dijon prison for 20 months without trial. <br /> <br /> While Ferdinand was in captivity, Ferry tried to keep the company in business. A contract with [[Piero Dusio]] was completed for a [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] racing car, the Type 360 [[Cisitalia]]. The car never went into races, but the money it raised for Porsche was used to redeem Ferdínand Porsche from French prison. <br /> <br /> They also repaired cars, water pumps, and winches. The company also started work on a new design, the [[Porsche 356]], the first car to carry the Porsche brand. The company was located in Gmünd in Austria at the time, where they evacuated from Stuttgart to avoid Allied bomb raids. The company started manufacturing the Porsche 356 in an old saw mill in Gmünd. They manufactured 49 cars, which were built entirely by manual labor.<br /> <br /> The Porsche family returned to Stuttgart in 1949 not knowing how to restart their business. The banks did not give credits as the company's plant was still under American embargo and could not be taken as security. So Ferry Porsche took one of the limited series 356 models from Gmünd and visited Volkswagen dealers to raise some orders. He asked the dealers to pay one of the ordered cars in advance. He replaced the refused bank credit with payments-in-advance and wrote a letter to the bank's director to thank him for refusing.<br /> <br /> The serial version made in Stuttgart had a steel body welded to the central-tube platform chassis instead of the aluminum body used in the small Gmünd-made series. When Ferry Porsche reanimated the company he thought of series figures of about 1,500 to be produced. More than 78,000 Porsche 356's were manufactured in the following 17 years.<br /> <br /> Porsche was later contracted by [[Volkswagen]] for additional consulting work and received a royalties on every Volkswagen Type I (Beetle) car manufactured. This provided Porsche with a comfortable financial situation as more than 20 million Type I were built.<br /> <br /> In November 1950, Porsche visited the Wolfsburg [[Volkswagen]] factory for the first time since the end of World War II. Porsche spent his visit chatting with Volkswagen president Heinrich Nordoff about the future of [[VW Beetle]], which were already being produced in large amounts. <br /> <br /> A few weeks later, Ferdinand Porsche suffered a stroke. He did not fully recover, and died on January 30, 1951.<br /> <br /> In 1996, he was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame and in 1999 he won the award of Car Engineer of the Century.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.autohistory.org/feature_6.html Ferdinand Porsche, from Auto History Online]<br /> *[http://www.hybrid-vehicle.org Hybrid-Vehicle.org: The Lohner-Porsche].<br /> *[http://www.hybrid-vehicle.org/hybrid-vehicle-landwehr.html Hybrid-Vehicle.org: The Landwehr and The C-train]<br /> *[http://mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/tramways/Articles/Cedes.htm West Ham's Cedes Stoll Trolleybus] Porsche design</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Porsche_Cayenne_Hybrid&diff=14328 2006-07-21T15:49:38Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:cayennehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> <br /> [[Porsche]] has joined other automakers and announced plans to build a [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] version of its Cayenne [[SUV]]. Production of the Cayenne [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will combine a gasoline engine with electric traction motor(s). Rumors that Porsche have discussed partnering with [[Volkswagen]] to build the powertrain are unconfirmed. This would not be surprising though as the Cayenne has a sibling in the [[Volkswagen Touareg]]. The two companies have a long and friendly history with the [[Porsche]] family (many of whom are board members of Porsche) currently moving to increase their stake of [[Volkswagen]] ownership. The former head of [[Volkswagen|Volkswagen Group]], [[Ferdinand Piëch|Dr. Piëch]] owns a significant share of Porsche, roughly 13% and happens to be grandson of [[Ferdinand Porsche]].<br /> <br /> The launch date is expected before the end of 2009.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=107234 www.edmunds.com]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/frankfurt/0509_porsche_cayenne_hybrid/ www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows]<br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/suvs/0403_porsche_cayenne/ www.automobilemag.com/reviews] <br /> * [http://www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage/detroit/112_2006_detroit_auto_show_coverage/2007_porsche_cayenne_turbo_s.html www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage] <br /> *[http://www.intellichoice.com/autoshow/showVehicle/vehicle/551 www.intellichoice.com/autoshow]<br /> *[http://autos.msn.com/advice/article.aspx?contentid=4023397 autos.msn.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=File:Ferdinand_Porsche.jpg&diff=14327 2006-07-21T15:47:07Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Porsche&diff=14326 2006-07-21T15:46:58Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Ferdinand Porsche.jpg|thumb|right|Ferdinand Porsche]]<br /> &lt;!---If one wishes to edit this page, but needs reliable information, it can be found at the &quot;Ferry Porsche&quot; article about his son---&gt;<br /> Prof. Dr. h.c. '''Ferdinand Porsche''' ([[September 3]], [[1875]] – [[January 30]], [[1951]]) was an Austrian [[automotive engineering|automotive engineer]]. Porsche was born to a German speaking family in Maffersdorf ([[Vratislavice nad Nisou]]), in the [[Sudetenland]] part of former [[Austria-Hungary]]. His birthplace is now assigned to the district of [[Liberec]] in present-day [[Czech Republic]]. Porsche is best known for designing the original [[Volkswagen]] [[Volkswagen Beetle|Beetle]] and for his contributions to advanced German tank designs: [[Tiger I]], [[Tiger II]] and the [[Elefant]].<br /> Adolf Hitler honored Porsche in [[1937]] when he was awarded the [[German National Prize for Art and Science]], one of the rarest decorations in the Third Reich.<br /> <br /> Porsche's son, [[Ferry Porsche]], is the [[eponym]] for [[Porsche]] [[automobiles]], initially based to a large extent on the [[Volkswagen Beetle|Volkswagen (Beetle)]] design (sometimes, the car type also is mistakingly called &quot;bug&quot;, though that insect is rather flat and edgy instead of showing the popular rounded shape - possibly, because the beetle most think of is called lady''bug'').<br /> <br /> The name Porsche is pronounced with an audible &quot;e&quot; in German, &quot;PORSH-uh&quot;, not &quot;PORSH&quot;. It might be related to Czech &quot;Boreš&quot; [boresh] (or vice versa).<br /> <br /> Porsche showed high aptitude for mechanical work at a very young age. He managed to attend classes at the ''Imperial Technical School'' (today a Czech Gymnasium) in Liberec at night while helping his father in his mechanical shop by day. Thanks to a referral, Porsche landed a job with [[Bela Egger]] in [[Vienna]] when he turned 18. In Vienna he would sneak into the local University after work whenever he could. Beyond auditing classes there, Porsche had never received any higher engineering education. <br /> <br /> After five years with [[Bela Egger]], Porsche joined the local carriage factory Jakob Lohner &amp; Co. He felt attracted to the nascent automotive industry and Jakob Lohner began construction of automobiles in [[1896]] under [[Ludwig Lohner]] in the trans-[[Danube|Danubian]] suburb of Floridsdorf, today eponym of [[Vienna]]'s 21st district. <br /> <br /> Their first design, unveiled in [[1898]], was the &quot;System Lohner-Porsche&quot;, a carriage powered by an [[internal combustion engine]] with a series-[[hybrid]] drive train composed of four wheel-mounted [[electric motor]]s. They presented the car on the [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|1900 World Exhibition]] in [[Paris]]. The up to 56 km/h (35 mph) fast carriage broke several Austrian speed records, and also won the Exelberg Rally in 1901 with Porsche himself driving. It was later upgraded with more powerful engines from [[Daimler]] and [[Panhard]], which proved to be enough to post more speed records. Over 300 of the Lohner-Porsche carriages were sold to the public. In [[1905]], Porsche was recognized with the ''[[Poetting]] prize'' as Austria's most outstanding automotive engineer.<br /> <br /> In 1902, he was drafted into military service. He served as a chauffeur to [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]], the crown prince of Austria whose assassination sparked [[World War I]] a mere decade later.<br /> <br /> In [[1906]], [[Austro-Daimler]] recruited Porsche as their chief designer. Porsche's best known Austro-Daimler car was designed for [[Prince Henry Trial]] in [[1910]], named after [[Wilhelm II]] [[Prince Heinrich]]. Examples of this streamlined, 85 [[horsepower]] (63 kW) car won the first three places, and the car is still better known by the nickname &quot;Prince Henry&quot; than by its model name &quot;Modell 27/80&quot;.<br /> <br /> The bulk of Austro-Daimler's business however was production of war material: trucks, motorized cannons, and aircraft engines. Porsche advanced to Managing Director in [[1916]] and received the honorary [[doctorate]] degree, &quot;Dr. techn h.c.&quot; from [[Vienna Technical University]] in [[1917]]. Porsche successfully continued to construct racing cars, winning 43 out of 53 races with his 1922 design. In [[1923]], Porsche left [[Austro-Daimler]] after differences ensued about the future direction of car development.<br /> <br /> Only a few months later he landed a new job as [[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft]]'s Technical Director in [[Stuttgart]], which was already then a major hub for the German automotive industry. He received another honorary doctorate from the [[University of Stuttgart|Stuttgart Technical University]] for his work at Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in Stuttgart and later the honorary title Professor. While at Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft, he came up with several very successful race car designs, which dominated car racing in the [[1920s in Sports|1920s]]. <br /> <br /> In 1926 Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft and [[Karl Benz | Benz &amp; Cie]] merged into [[Daimler-Benz]], with their joint products beginning to be called, [[Mercedes-Benz]]. Porsche's concept of a small, light-weight Mercedes-Benz car was not popular with Daimler-Benz's board, however. He left in [[1929]] for [[Steyr]], but the [[Great Depression]] brought about Steyr's economic collapse and Porsche ended up being unemployed. <br /> <br /> In April [[1931]] Porsche founded his consulting firm, ''Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH, Konstruktionen und Beratungen für Motoren und Fahrzeugbau'', in Stuttgart, where he returned. Porsche successfully recruited several old coworkers he befriended at his former places of employment:<br /> <br /> *[[Karl Rabe]], chief engineer<br /> *[[Erwin Komenda]], body design<br /> *[[Karl Fröhlich]], transmissions<br /> *[[Josef Kales]], motors<br /> *[[Josef Zahradnik]], steering and suspensions<br /> *[[Franz Xaver Reimspiess]] and [[Josef Mickl]], aerodynamics<br /> *[[Adolf Rosenberger]], business manager<br /> *[[Anton Piëch]], lawyer, Ferdinand Porsche's son-in-law and later father of [[Ferdinand Piëch]] (chairman of Volkswagen 1993-2002)<br /> *[[Ferry Porsche]], his son (Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche)<br /> <br /> Their first project was the design of a middle class car for [[Wanderer (car)|Wanderer]]. Other commissioned designs followed. As the business grew, Porsche decided to work on his own design as well, which happened to be a reincarnation of the small car concept from his days at [[Daimler-Benz]] in Stuttgart. He financed the project with a loan on his life insurance. Later [[Zündapp]] decided to help sponsor the project, but lost interest after their success with motorcycles. [[NSU Motorenwerke AG|NSU]] then took over the sponsorship, but also lost interest due to the high tooling costs. After that, no one seemed interested in the project until [[Adolf Hitler]] made it his agenda to motorize the nation and that every German should own either a car or a [[tractor]] in the future. In June [[1934]], Porsche got a contract to build three prototypes based on his design. The three cars were completed in winter [[1936]]. [[Daimler-Benz]] was contracted to build an additional 30 prototypes. A new city, &quot;Stadt des KdF-Wagens&quot;, near to [[Fallersleben]] was founded for the factory. The city is named [[Wolfsburg]] today and is still the seat of [[Volkswagen]].<br /> <br /> At about the same time, Porsche designed a racing car for [[Auto Union]] to compete with [[Daimler-Benz]]'s Silver Arrows. The car became known by the name [[P-Wagen]] and was both innovative and successful.<br /> <br /> Ferdinand Porsche became involved with the construction of the factory in Wolfsburg. He handed over his racing projects to his son, Ferry. Ferdinand also accepted further projects from the [[Third Reich]], including the design and construction of [[tank]]s such as the [[Elefant]]. Those projects also involved [[forced labor]], as was routine in the days of the [[Third Reich]]. It is safe to assume that slave labor was used at the Volkswagen factory as well.<br /> <br /> After the war, in November [[1945]], Porsche was asked to continue the design of the Volkswagen in [[France]] and to move the factory equipment there as part of [[war reparations]]. Differences within the French government and objections from the French automotive industry put a halt to this project before it even begun. Ferdinand Porsche, Anton Piëch, and [[Ferry Porsche]] were arrested as [[war criminal]]s on December 15, 1945. Ferry was set free, but Ferdinand and Anton were held in a [[Dijon]] prison for 20 months without trial. <br /> <br /> While Ferdinand was in captivity, Ferry tried to keep the company in business. A contract with [[Piero Dusio]] was completed for a [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] racing car, the Type 360 [[Cisitalia]]. The car never went into races, but the money it raised for Porsche was used to redeem Ferdínand Porsche from French prison. <br /> <br /> They also repaired cars, water pumps, and [[winch]]es. The company also started work on a new design, the [[Porsche 356]], the first car to carry the Porsche brand. The company was located in [[Gmünd]] in Austria at the time, where they evacuated from Stuttgart to avoid [[Allied]] bomb raids. The company started manufacturing the Porsche 356 in an old saw mill in Gmünd. They manufactured 49 cars, which were built entirely by manual labor.<br /> <br /> The Porsche family returned to [[Stuttgart]] in 1949 not knowing how to restart their business. The banks did not give credits as the company's plant was still under American embargo and could not be taken as security. So Ferry Porsche took one of the limited series 356 models from Gmünd and visited Volkswagen dealers to raise some orders. He asked the dealers to pay one of the ordered cars in advance. He replaced the refused bank credit with payments-in-advance and wrote a letter to the bank's director to thank him for refusing.<br /> <br /> The serial version made in Stuttgart had a [[steel]] body welded to the central-tube platform chassis instead of the [[aluminum]] body used in the small Gmünd-made series. When Ferry Porsche reanimated the company he thought of series figures of about 1,500 to be produced. More than 78,000 Porsche 356's were manufactured in the following 17 years.<br /> <br /> Porsche was later contracted by [[Volkswagen]] for additional consulting work and received a [[royalties|royalty]] on every Volkswagen Type I (Beetle) car manufactured. This provided Porsche with a comfortable financial situation as more than 20 million Type I were built.<br /> <br /> In November [[1950]], Porsche visited the Wolfsburg [[Volkswagen]] factory for the first time since the end of [[World War II]]. Porsche spent his visit chatting with Volkswagen president Heinrich Nordoff about the future of [[VW Beetle]], which were already being produced in large amounts. <br /> <br /> A few weeks later, Ferdinand Porsche suffered a [[stroke]]. He did not fully recover, and died on [[January 30]] [[1951]].<br /> <br /> In [[1996]], he was inducted into the [[International Motorsports Hall of Fame]] and in 1999 he won the award of [[Car Engineer of the Century]].<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of Austrian Scientists]]<br /> *[[List of Austrians]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.autohistory.org/feature_6.html Ferdinand Porsche, from Auto History Online]<br /> * [http://www.hybrid-vehicle.org Hybrid-Vehicle.org: The Lohner-Porsche].<br /> * [http://www.hybrid-vehicle.org/hybrid-vehicle-landwehr.html Hybrid-Vehicle.org: The Landwehr and The C-train]<br /> * [http://mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/tramways/Articles/Cedes.htm West Ham's Cedes Stoll Trolleybus] Porsche design</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Pi%C3%ABch&diff=14325 2006-07-21T15:46:00Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>Pronunciation: pee - esh<br /> <br /> Prof. Dr. techn. h.c. '''Ferdinand Piëch''' (Ferdinand Karl Piëch), born April 17, 1937 in [[Vienna]] is an [[automobile]] engineer and manager. <br /> <br /> He is a grandson of [[Ferdinand Porsche]] and his mother was Louise Piëch, the sister of [[Ferry Porsche]]. He has twelve children from three women.<br /> <br /> Piëch graduated from the ETH Zurich in 1962 with a degree in mechanical engineering, having written a Master Thesis about the development of a [[Formula One]] engine. At the same time, Porsche was involved in F1 and developed an 8-cylinder for the Porsche 804.<br /> <br /> Piëch was the winner of the award of Car Executive of the Century in 1999.<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> * 1963-1971 — At [[Porsche]] in Stuttgart, where he worked on the development of the [[Porsche]] 906 and following models that led to the successful [[Porsche]] 917 <br /> * 1972-1992 — At [[Audi]] in Ingolstadt, since 1975 manager of technological engineering, where he was responsible for the concepts of the [[Audi 80]] and [[Audi 100]]. He also in 1977 began the development of a car for the [[World Rally Championship]], the result was the [[all wheel drive]] [[Audi Quattro]]. The engine used in the Quattro model was a turbocharged 5&amp;nbsp;cylinder in-line unit. Piëch had a small engineering company in the time between leaving [[Porsche|Porsche AG]] and joining [[Audi]] and while there he developed a 5 cylinder in-line diesel engine for Mercedes-Benz. He picked up the concept again after moving to [[Audi]] because there was a market demand for engines with more than 4 cylinders, but as this also had to fit into the front wheel drive Volkswagen Passat/Santana, where the engine is mounted transversally, a 6&amp;nbsp;cylinder in-line which would normally have been chosen could not be used as it would have been too long.<br /> * 1993-2002 — At [[Volkswagen]], where he became chairman and [[CEO]], succeeding Dr. [[Carl Hahn]]. He retired from the management board in 2002, but as chairman of the supervisory board he still serves in an advisory capacity.<br /> <br /> While head of [[Volkswagen|Volkswagen AG]], Piëch was known for his aggressive moves into other markets. He drove the [[Volkswagen|VW]] and [[Audi]] brands upmarket with great success. Piëch also pursued other marques, successfully acquiring [[Lamborghini]] for [[Audi]] and establishing [[Bugatti Automobiles SAS]]. His purchase of [[Rolls-Royce]] and [[Bentley|Bentley Motors Limited]] was more controversial. After successfully buying the Crewe, England carbuilding operation, [[Volkswagen|Volkswagen Group]] was denied ownership of the [[Rolls-Royce]] name. Piëch later claimed that he only really wanted the [[Bentley]] brand, but the loss of [[Rolls-Royce]] to rival [[BMW]] was widely seen as a major failure.<br /> <br /> What was not a failure, however, was his effort to rescue [[Volkswagen]] in North America. Dr. Hahn's efforts to regain market share in the United States and Canada - which he had built up as the head of [[Volkswagen of America]] from 1958 to 1965 - were to no avail, but Piech helped reverse VW's forutnes by agreeing to the manufacture of the [[Volkswagen New Beetle]], the introduction of which in 1998 gave Volkswagen of America needed momentum. The car was a hit from the day it went on sale. The 1999 fourth-generation [[Volkswagen Jetta]], with its Beetle-esque roofline, its classy interior, and its advanced chassis and available engines, was a major success with young American buyers, who loved the car's distinctive shape. The fact that it outsold the fourth-generation Golf in North America proved once again that Americans and Canadians preferred a trunk to a hatch, suggesting that VW was finally giving North Americans product that they genuinely wanted. The Golf, however, remained available for U.S. and Canadian buyers who still appreciated hatchback versatility. <br /> <br /> == Engineering ==<br /> At Porsche, Piëch triggered significant changes in the company's policy. For example, the position of drivers in race cars was moved from the left to the right as this gives advantages on the predominant clockwise race tracks. After making mainly small 2000&amp;nbsp;cc race cars that were supposed to be closely related to road cars, Porsche made a risky investment by unexpectedly building twenty-five 5000&amp;nbsp;cc [[Porsche]] 917, surprising the rule makers at the [[FIA]]. Even [[Ferrari]] had needed to sell his company to FIAT before making such a move. Always thinking big, Piëch started development of a 16-cylinder engine for the [[CanAm]] series. It is propably no coincidence that his grandfather had developed a famous supercharged 16-cylinder engine for the [[Auto Union]] racing cars in the 1930s. Piëch was denied the chance to complete it as a turbocharged version of the existing 12-cylinder was simpler, more powerful and very successful. Three decades later as CEO of VW, Piëch insisted on the very ambitious [[Bugatti Veyron]], with a turbocharged 16-cylinder, 1001&amp;nbsp;hp (746&amp;nbsp;kW)&lt;!--assuming, with a fair chance of error, English rather than metric&amp;nbsp;hp--&gt; and 400&amp;nbsp;km/h top speed. These figures are close to or even higher than those of the Porsche 917 and most current racing cars. Piech was also behind the sports saloon the [[Volkswagen Phaeton]] which was intended as a rival to the [[BMW M5]] and the [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[CLS]] and many motorig jornalists beleve that it is the best car in its class.<br /> <br /> == Porsche ownership ==<br /> Piëch owns a significant share of Porsche, roughly 13%. In order to prevent discussions among the many family members, a policy was established in early 1972 that no Porsche family member is allowed to be involved in the management of the company. Even company founder [[Ferry Porsche]], Piëch's uncle, only held a seat on the supervisory board of Porsche after the company's legal form was changed from a limited partnership to a private legal company. This made Piëch move to Audi after the foundation of his engineering bureau.</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Porsche_Cayenne_Hybrid&diff=14323 2006-07-21T15:38:45Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:cayennehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> <br /> [[Porsche]] has joined other automakers and announced plans to build a [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] version of its Cayenne [[SUV]]. Production of the Cayenne [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will combine a gasoline engine with electric traction motor(s). Rumors that Porsche have discussed partnering with [[Volkswagen]] to build the powertrain are unconfirmed. This would not be surprising though as the Cayenne has a sibling in the [[Volkswagen Touareg]]. The two companies have a long and friendly history with the [[Porsche]] family (many of who are also board members of Porsche) currently moving to increase their stake of [[Volkswagen]] ownership. The former head of [[Volkswagen|Volkswagen Group]], [[Ferdinand Piëch|Dr. Piëch]] owns a significant share of Porsche, roughly 13% and happens to be grandson of [[Ferdinand Porsche]].<br /> <br /> The launch date is expected before the end of 2009.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=107234 www.edmunds.com]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/frankfurt/0509_porsche_cayenne_hybrid/ www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows]<br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/suvs/0403_porsche_cayenne/ www.automobilemag.com/reviews] <br /> * [http://www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage/detroit/112_2006_detroit_auto_show_coverage/2007_porsche_cayenne_turbo_s.html www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage] <br /> *[http://www.intellichoice.com/autoshow/showVehicle/vehicle/551 www.intellichoice.com/autoshow]<br /> *[http://autos.msn.com/advice/article.aspx?contentid=4023397 autos.msn.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Porsche_Cayenne_Hybrid&diff=14322 2006-07-21T15:35:55Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:cayennehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> <br /> [[Porsche]] has joined other automakers and announced plans to build a [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] version of its Cayenne [[SUV]]. Production of the Cayenne [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will combine a gasoline engine with electric traction motor(s). Rumors that Porsche have discussed partnering with [[Volkswagen]] to build the powertrain are unconfirmed. This would not be surprising though as the Cayenne has a sibling in the [[Volkswagen Touareg]]. The two companies have a long and friendly history with Porsche family and board members currently moving to increase their stake of [[Volkswagen]] ownership. The former head of [[Volkswagen|Volkswagen Group]], [[Ferdinand Piëch|Dr. Piëch]] owns a significant share of Porsche, roughly 13% and happens to be grandson of [[Ferdinand Porsche]].<br /> <br /> The launch date is expected before the end of 2009.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=107234 www.edmunds.com]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/frankfurt/0509_porsche_cayenne_hybrid/ www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows]<br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/suvs/0403_porsche_cayenne/ www.automobilemag.com/reviews] <br /> * [http://www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage/detroit/112_2006_detroit_auto_show_coverage/2007_porsche_cayenne_turbo_s.html www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage] <br /> *[http://www.intellichoice.com/autoshow/showVehicle/vehicle/551 www.intellichoice.com/autoshow]<br /> *[http://autos.msn.com/advice/article.aspx?contentid=4023397 autos.msn.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Porsche_Cayenne_Hybrid&diff=14318 2006-07-21T15:28:06Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:cayennehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> <br /> [[Porsche]] has joined other automakers and announced plans to build a [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] version of its Cayenne [[SUV]]. Production of the Cayenne [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will combine a gasoline engine with electric traction motor(s). Rumors that Porsche have discussed partnering with [[Volkswagen]] to build the powertrain are unconfirmed. This would not be surprising though as the Cayenne has a sibling in the [[Volkswagen Touareg]]. The two companies have a long and friendly history with Porsche family and board members currently moving to increase their stake of [[Volkswagen]] ownership.<br /> <br /> The launch date is expected before the end of 2009.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=107234 www.edmunds.com]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/frankfurt/0509_porsche_cayenne_hybrid/ www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows]<br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/suvs/0403_porsche_cayenne/ www.automobilemag.com/reviews] <br /> * [http://www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage/detroit/112_2006_detroit_auto_show_coverage/2007_porsche_cayenne_turbo_s.html www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage] <br /> *[http://www.intellichoice.com/autoshow/showVehicle/vehicle/551 www.intellichoice.com/autoshow]<br /> *[http://autos.msn.com/advice/article.aspx?contentid=4023397 autos.msn.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Porsche_Cayenne_Hybrid&diff=14317 2006-07-21T15:27:19Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:cayennehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> <br /> [[Porsche]] has joined other automakers and announced plans to build a [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] version of its Cayenne [[SUV]]. Production of the Cayenne [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will combine a gasoline engine with electric traction motor(s). Rumors that Porsche have discussed partnering with [[Volkswagen]] to build the powertrain are unconfirmed. This would not be surprising though as the Cayenne has a sibling in the [[Volkswagen Toureg]]. The two companies have a long and friendly history with Porsche family and board members currently moving to increase their stake of [[Volkswagen]] ownership.<br /> <br /> The launch date is expected before the end of 2009.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=107234 www.edmunds.com]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/frankfurt/0509_porsche_cayenne_hybrid/ www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows]<br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/suvs/0403_porsche_cayenne/ www.automobilemag.com/reviews] <br /> * [http://www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage/detroit/112_2006_detroit_auto_show_coverage/2007_porsche_cayenne_turbo_s.html www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage] <br /> *[http://www.intellichoice.com/autoshow/showVehicle/vehicle/551 www.intellichoice.com/autoshow]<br /> *[http://autos.msn.com/advice/article.aspx?contentid=4023397 autos.msn.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Porsche_Cayenne_Hybrid&diff=14316 2006-07-21T15:19:58Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:cayennehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> <br /> [[Porsche]] has joined other European automakers and announced plans to build the Cayenne [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]]. The [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] version will be built off its current [[Porsche Cayenne|Cayenne]]. The possible future addition of the Porsche Cayenne gives the consumer more variety when shopping for a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]].<br /> <br /> Production of the Cayenne [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will combine the gasoline engine with the electric power. Projection is to cut fuel consumption by about 15 percent. Porsche is talking about partnering with Volkswagen to build the powertrain, but nothing has been confirmed yet.<br /> <br /> The launch date is expected at the end of this decade.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=107234 www.edmunds.com]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/frankfurt/0509_porsche_cayenne_hybrid/ www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows]<br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/suvs/0403_porsche_cayenne/ www.automobilemag.com/reviews] <br /> * [http://www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage/detroit/112_2006_detroit_auto_show_coverage/2007_porsche_cayenne_turbo_s.html www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage] <br /> *[http://www.intellichoice.com/autoshow/showVehicle/vehicle/551 www.intellichoice.com/autoshow]<br /> *[http://autos.msn.com/advice/article.aspx?contentid=4023397 autos.msn.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Porsche_Cayenne_Hybrid&diff=14312 2006-07-21T15:12:40Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:2007_porsche_cayenne_turbo_s.jpg|right|frame|2007 Porsche Cayenne]]<br /> <br /> [[Porsche]] has joined other European automakers and announced plans to build the Cayenne [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]]. The [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] version will be built off its current [[Porsche Cayenne|Cayenne]]. The possible future addition of the Porsche Cayenne gives the consumer more variety when shopping for a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]].<br /> <br /> Production of the Cayenne [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will combine the gasoline engine with the electric power. Projection is to cut fuel consumption by about 15 percent. Porsche is talking about partnering with Volkswagen to build the powertrain, but nothing has been confirmed yet.<br /> <br /> The launch date is expected at the end of this decade.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> *[http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=107234 www.edmunds.com]<br /> <br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows/frankfurt/0509_porsche_cayenne_hybrid/ www.automobilemag.com/auto_shows]<br /> *[http://www.automobilemag.com/reviews/suvs/0403_porsche_cayenne/ www.automobilemag.com/reviews] <br /> * [http://www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage/detroit/112_2006_detroit_auto_show_coverage/2007_porsche_cayenne_turbo_s.html www.motortrend.com/auto_shows/coverage] <br /> *[http://www.intellichoice.com/autoshow/showVehicle/vehicle/551 www.intellichoice.com/autoshow]<br /> *[http://autos.msn.com/advice/article.aspx?contentid=4023397 autos.msn.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lincoln_MKX_Hybrid&diff=14311 2006-07-21T15:11:47Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* External Links */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:MKXHybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:MKXHybridII.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:MKXHybridIII.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The Lincoln MKX Hybrid is a [[crossover SUV]] based on the Mazda 6 sedan. Offered for sale sometime around 2010, it will share a common powertrain with hybrid versions of the [[Ford Five Hundred]], [[Mercury Montego]] full-size sedans, and sister [[Ford Edge Hybrid]]. <br /> <br /> The Lincoln MKX Hybrid will also be certified for E85, a fuel blend that contains 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. Ethanol is a renewable fuel in the United States. Commonly made from corn, these ethanol-fueled hybrids could sizeably reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Close to 25 percent less carbon dioxide emissions are possible if operated exclusively on E85 ethanol fuel instead of carbon-rich gasoline. <br /> <br /> Production has been slated for Ford's Oakville assembly plant starting in 2010, an expansion at the plant is currently underway to meet forecasts. Production of the normally aspirated 2007 Ford Edge and Lincoln MKX will occur in the fourth quarter of 2006.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> Normally aspirated '''Lincoln MKX''' models range in price from the FWD at $30,000 to the $35,000 for AWD. Many individual options will also be offered over and on top of the four trim levels. 20 inch wheel packages, rear DVD entertainment system and power tailgate are all planned, Bluetooth compatability are all planned.<br /> <br /> Expect the Lincoln MKX Hybrid MSRP above that of the AWD normally aspirated version. Prices starting from the low $40,000 range would include unique Hybrid features and many of the optional features listed on lesser MKX models.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> * [http://www.lincoln.com/mkx/home.asp Lincoln MKX - Official Site]<br /> * [http://greenhybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Ford_Edge_Hybrid&diff=14310 2006-07-21T15:11:15Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* External Links */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Edgehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:EdgehybridII.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:EdgehybridIII.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The Ford Edge Hybrid is a [[crossover SUV]] based on the Mazda 6 sedan. Offered for sale sometime around 2010, it will share a common powertrain with hybrid versions of the [[Ford Five Hundred]], [[Mercury Montego]] full-size sedans, and sister [[Lincoln MKX Hybrid]]. <br /> <br /> The Ford Edge Hybrid will also be certified for E85, a fuel blend that contains 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. Ethanol is a renewable fuel in the United States. Commonly made from corn, these ethanol-fueled hybrids could sizeably reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Close to 25 percent less carbon dioxide emissions are possible if operated exclusively on E85 ethanol fuel instead of carbon-rich gasoline. <br /> <br /> Production has been slated for Ford's Oakville assembly plant starting in 2010, an expansion at the plant is currently underway to meet forecasts. Production of the normally aspirated 2007 Ford Edge and Lincoln MKX will occur in the fourth quarter of 2006.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> Normally aspirated '''Ford Edge''' models range in price from the SE FWD at $25,000 to the $29,000 for the SEL AWD. Many individual options will also be offered over and on top of the four trim levels. Items such as HID headlights, back up warning sensors, 20 inch wheel packages, rear DVD entertainment system and power tailgate are all planned.<br /> <br /> Expect the Ford Edge Hybrid MSRP above that of the SEL AWD Edge. Prices starting from the low to mid $30,000 range would include unique Hybrid features and many of the optional features listed on lesser Edge models.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> * [http://www.fordvehicles.com/futurevehicles/2007edge/ Ford Edge - Official Site]<br /> * [http://greenhybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Dodge_Durango_Hybrid&diff=14309 2006-07-21T15:10:23Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:2007 Durango.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[DaimlerChrysler|Chrysler]] will begin production of a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of the Dodge Durango at its Newark Delaware Assembly plant in 2008. The hybrid system for these vehicles is being developed jointly by a [[General Motors Corporation|GM]], [[BMW]], and [[Chrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|partnership]]<br /> <br /> The same system will also be available on [[General Motors Corporation|GM's]] [[Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid|Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid and GMC Yukon Hybrid]] SUV models. Production of the Durango is scheduled to begin shortly after the [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] launch of those SUVs in late 2007.<br /> <br /> The [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|collaboration]] between these companies has yielded a patented [[Full Hybrid|two mode full hybrid system]] which maximizes efficiency for city and highway driving. In the first mode, at low speeds, the vehicle can operate in one of 3 ways: electric only, engine power only or in any combination of engine and electric power. The second mode combines electronic controls, such as Active Fuel Management (Cylinder deactivation), cam phasing, and late-intake valve closure, allowing even more efficient engine operation. The [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-electric drive system is based on the technology in GM's [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] transit buses. The result is said to be a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency. <br /> <br /> Because the architecture can be scaled to fit multiple vehicles and adapted to [[Gasoline|gasoline]] or [[Diesel|diesel]] engines, the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode full hybrid]] can be applied globally. <br /> <br /> A facelift for the Dodge Durango also looks to be on the agenda when released as a hybrid, although it is suspected that changes will be minor. <br /> <br /> For further information on the non-hybrid version see [[Dodge Durango|Wikicars comprehensive Dodge Durango]]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing has not been announced.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> It is hoped that the Dodge Durango will achieve a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency over the [[Dodge Durango|non-hybrid version]].<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.dodge.com/dma/610/index.html Official Site]<br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> *[http://www.driveclean.ca.gov/en/gv/vsearch/upcoming.asp Drive Clean]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Dodge_Durango_Hybrid&diff=14308 2006-07-21T15:10:05Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:2007 Durango.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[DaimlerChrysler|Chrysler]] will begin production of a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of the Dodge Durango at its Newark Delaware Assembly plant in 2008. The hybrid system for these vehicles is being developed jointly by a [[General Motors Corporation|GM]], [[BMW]], and [[Chrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|partnership]]<br /> <br /> The same system will also be available on [[General Motors Corporation|GM's]] [[Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid|Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid and GMC Yukon Hybrid]] SUV models. Production of the Durango is scheduled to begin shortly after the [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] launch of those SUVs in late 2007.<br /> <br /> The [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|collaboration]] between these companies has yielded a patented [[Full Hybrid|two mode full hybrid system]] which maximizes efficiency for city and highway driving. In the first mode, at low speeds, the vehicle can operate in one of 3 ways: electric only, engine power only or in any combination of engine and electric power. The second mode combines electronic controls, such as Active Fuel Management (Cylinder deactivation), cam phasing, and late-intake valve closure, allowing even more efficient engine operation. The [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-electric drive system is based on the technology in GM's [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] transit buses. The result is said to be a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency. <br /> <br /> Because the architecture can be scaled to fit multiple vehicles and adapted to [[Gasoline|gasoline]] or [[Diesel|diesel]] engines, the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode full hybrid]] can be applied globally. <br /> <br /> A facelift for the Dodge Durango also looks to be on the agenda when released as a hybrid, although it is suspected that changes will be minor. <br /> <br /> For further information on the non-hybrid version see [[Dodge Durango|Wikicars comprehensive Dodge Durango]]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing has not been announced.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> It is hoped that the Dodge Durango will achieve a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency over the [[Dodge Durango|non-hybrid version]].<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.dodge.com/dma/610/index.html Official Site]<br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com: The interactive electric vehicle resource]<br /> *[http://www.driveclean.ca.gov/en/gv/vsearch/upcoming.asp Drive Clean]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Cadillac_Escalade_Hybrid&diff=14306 2006-07-21T15:08:04Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:2007 Escalade.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The Cadillac Escalade [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] is scheduled go into production in 2007, for roll out as a 2008 model. It will share the same powertrain and many of the same features as the [[Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid|Chevy Tahoe two-mode Hybrid.]]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Tahoe_Hybrid&diff=14305 2006-07-21T15:05:16Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Unique Attributes */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tahoehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The [[Chevrolet]] Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will go on sale next year as a 2008 model, along with the [[GMC]] Yukon Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]]. Pricing and production volumes have not been announced. <br /> <br /> According to Design Manager David Smith, he and his team gave the Chevy Tahoe [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|Two-mode Hybrid]] a slightly different look to go with its [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain, while still ensuring that everyone would know it was a Chevy. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] (also known as a [[Full Hybrid|full hybrid]]) is has a lower stance in the front and has additional aerodynamic features [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics] compared to the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe. <br /> <br /> The Vortec V8-powered [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] combines GM's Active Fuel Management technology ([[Cylinder Deactivation]]) with a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-electric drive system developed by a [[General Motors Corporation|GM]], [[BMW]], and [[Chrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|partnership]], and based on the technology in GM's [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] transit buses. The result is said to be a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency. <br /> <br /> <br /> Said Tom Stephens, group vice president, GM Powertrain, &quot;The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] delivers on GM's commitment to apply advanced technologies where we will realize the most fuel savings.&quot; <br /> <br /> The two-mode is patented [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology which maximizes efficiency for city and highway driving. In the first mode, at low speeds, the vehicle can operate in one of 3 ways: electric only, engine power only or in any combination of engine and electric power. The second mode combines electronic controls, such as Active Fuel Management (Displacement on Demand), cam phasing, and late-intake valve closure, allowing even more efficient engine operation. <br /> <br /> Because the architecture can be scaled to fit multiple vehicles and adapted to [[Gasoline|gasoline]] or [[Diesel Vehicles|diesel]] engines, the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode]] full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] can be applied globally. <br /> <br /> For information on the currently available ''non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]'' version See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Tahoe Review|'''Chevy Tahoe Review''']].<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Specifications==<br /> * Body Type: 5-door body on frame SUV<br /> * Layout: front engine, [[Four Wheel Drive|AWD]] / [[Four Wheel Drive|4WD]]<br /> * Gas Engine: 5.3-liter (327 cu in) OHV V8<br /> * Transmission: [[Continuously Variable Transmission|CVT]]<br /> * Brakes (front/rear): disc/disc, [[Anti-Lock Brakes ABS|ABS]]<br /> * Seating Capacity: 7 - 9<br /> * Curb Weight: TBA<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing has not been announced.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> GM has set the bar high with the Chevy Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] and hopes to achieve a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> <br /> Special features, including prominent [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] badges and a Glacier Gold exterior finish, complete the look. The hood and liftgate are made of aluminum to keep the weight down, and the leading edges of the hood have been altered for better aerodynamics. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] keeps the Chevy dual-port grille with &quot;bowtie&quot;, but has larger intake to accommodate the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain's higher airflow requirement for cooling. The front and rear fascias are angled in slightly and the running boards are flared in front for better aerodynamic performance.<br /> <br /> Other aerodynamic features include: <br /> <br /> *Sharpening of the D-pillar rearward (including the tail lamps)<br /> *A center high mounted stop light detail spoiler over the rear liftgate <br /> *A panel under the back of the vehicle to facilitate airflow. <br /> *Lightweight, aero-efficient wheels with [[Low Rolling Resistance Tires|low rolling-resistance tires]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> *[http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> *[http://www.gm.com/ Official GM Site]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Tahoe_Hybrid&diff=14304 2006-07-21T15:04:39Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Specifications */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tahoehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The [[Chevrolet]] Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will go on sale next year as a 2008 model, along with the [[GMC]] Yukon Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]]. Pricing and production volumes have not been announced. <br /> <br /> According to Design Manager David Smith, he and his team gave the Chevy Tahoe [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|Two-mode Hybrid]] a slightly different look to go with its [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain, while still ensuring that everyone would know it was a Chevy. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] (also known as a [[Full Hybrid|full hybrid]]) is has a lower stance in the front and has additional aerodynamic features [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics] compared to the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe. <br /> <br /> The Vortec V8-powered [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] combines GM's Active Fuel Management technology ([[Cylinder Deactivation]]) with a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-electric drive system developed by a [[General Motors Corporation|GM]], [[BMW]], and [[Chrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|partnership]], and based on the technology in GM's [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] transit buses. The result is said to be a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency. <br /> <br /> <br /> Said Tom Stephens, group vice president, GM Powertrain, &quot;The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] delivers on GM's commitment to apply advanced technologies where we will realize the most fuel savings.&quot; <br /> <br /> The two-mode is patented [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology which maximizes efficiency for city and highway driving. In the first mode, at low speeds, the vehicle can operate in one of 3 ways: electric only, engine power only or in any combination of engine and electric power. The second mode combines electronic controls, such as Active Fuel Management (Displacement on Demand), cam phasing, and late-intake valve closure, allowing even more efficient engine operation. <br /> <br /> Because the architecture can be scaled to fit multiple vehicles and adapted to [[Gasoline|gasoline]] or [[Diesel Vehicles|diesel]] engines, the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode]] full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] can be applied globally. <br /> <br /> For information on the currently available ''non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]'' version See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Tahoe Review|'''Chevy Tahoe Review''']].<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Specifications==<br /> * Body Type: 5-door body on frame SUV<br /> * Layout: front engine, [[Four Wheel Drive|AWD]] / [[Four Wheel Drive|4WD]]<br /> * Gas Engine: 5.3-liter (327 cu in) OHV V8<br /> * Transmission: [[Continuously Variable Transmission|CVT]]<br /> * Brakes (front/rear): disc/disc, [[Anti-Lock Brakes ABS|ABS]]<br /> * Seating Capacity: 7 - 9<br /> * Curb Weight: TBA<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing has not been announced.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> GM has set the bar high with the Chevy Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] and hopes to achieve a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> <br /> Special features, including prominent [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] badges and a Glacier Gold exterior finish, complete the look. The hood and liftgate are made of aluminum to keep the weight down, and the leading edges of the hood have been altered for better aerodynamics. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] keeps the Chevy dual-port grille with &quot;bowtie&quot;, but has larger intake to accommodate the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain's higher airflow requirement for cooling. The front and rear fascias are angled in slightly and the running boards are flared in front for better aerodynamic performance.<br /> <br /> Other aerodynamic features include: <br /> <br /> *Sharpening of the D-pillar rearward (including the tail lamps)<br /> *A centre high mounted stop light detail spoiler over the rear liftgate <br /> *A panel under the back of the vehicle to facilitate airflow. <br /> *Lightweight, aero-efficient wheels with [[Low Rolling Resistance Tires|low rolling-resistance tires]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> *[http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> *[http://www.gm.com/ Official GM Site]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Tahoe_Hybrid&diff=14303 2006-07-21T15:04:20Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Specifications */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tahoehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The [[Chevrolet]] Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will go on sale next year as a 2008 model, along with the [[GMC]] Yukon Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]]. Pricing and production volumes have not been announced. <br /> <br /> According to Design Manager David Smith, he and his team gave the Chevy Tahoe [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|Two-mode Hybrid]] a slightly different look to go with its [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain, while still ensuring that everyone would know it was a Chevy. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] (also known as a [[Full Hybrid|full hybrid]]) is has a lower stance in the front and has additional aerodynamic features [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics] compared to the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe. <br /> <br /> The Vortec V8-powered [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] combines GM's Active Fuel Management technology ([[Cylinder Deactivation]]) with a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-electric drive system developed by a [[General Motors Corporation|GM]], [[BMW]], and [[Chrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|partnership]], and based on the technology in GM's [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] transit buses. The result is said to be a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency. <br /> <br /> <br /> Said Tom Stephens, group vice president, GM Powertrain, &quot;The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] delivers on GM's commitment to apply advanced technologies where we will realize the most fuel savings.&quot; <br /> <br /> The two-mode is patented [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology which maximizes efficiency for city and highway driving. In the first mode, at low speeds, the vehicle can operate in one of 3 ways: electric only, engine power only or in any combination of engine and electric power. The second mode combines electronic controls, such as Active Fuel Management (Displacement on Demand), cam phasing, and late-intake valve closure, allowing even more efficient engine operation. <br /> <br /> Because the architecture can be scaled to fit multiple vehicles and adapted to [[Gasoline|gasoline]] or [[Diesel Vehicles|diesel]] engines, the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode]] full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] can be applied globally. <br /> <br /> For information on the currently available ''non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]'' version See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Tahoe Review|'''Chevy Tahoe Review''']].<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Specifications==<br /> * Body Type: 5-door body on frame SUV<br /> * Layout: front engine, [[Four Wheel Drive|AWD]] / [[Four Wheel Drive|4WD]]<br /> * Gas Engine: 5.3-liter (327 cu in) OHV V8<br /> * Transmission:[[Continuously Variable Transmission|continuously variable]]<br /> * Brakes (front/rear): disc/disc, [[Anti-Lock Brakes ABS|ABS]]<br /> * Seating Capacity: 7 - 9<br /> * Curb Weight: TBA<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing has not been announced.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> GM has set the bar high with the Chevy Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] and hopes to achieve a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> <br /> Special features, including prominent [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] badges and a Glacier Gold exterior finish, complete the look. The hood and liftgate are made of aluminum to keep the weight down, and the leading edges of the hood have been altered for better aerodynamics. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] keeps the Chevy dual-port grille with &quot;bowtie&quot;, but has larger intake to accommodate the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain's higher airflow requirement for cooling. The front and rear fascias are angled in slightly and the running boards are flared in front for better aerodynamic performance.<br /> <br /> Other aerodynamic features include: <br /> <br /> *Sharpening of the D-pillar rearward (including the tail lamps)<br /> *A centre high mounted stop light detail spoiler over the rear liftgate <br /> *A panel under the back of the vehicle to facilitate airflow. <br /> *Lightweight, aero-efficient wheels with [[Low Rolling Resistance Tires|low rolling-resistance tires]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> *[http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> *[http://www.gm.com/ Official GM Site]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Tahoe_Hybrid&diff=14302 2006-07-21T15:01:54Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tahoehybrid.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The [[Chevrolet]] Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will go on sale next year as a 2008 model, along with the [[GMC]] Yukon Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]]. Pricing and production volumes have not been announced. <br /> <br /> According to Design Manager David Smith, he and his team gave the Chevy Tahoe [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|Two-mode Hybrid]] a slightly different look to go with its [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain, while still ensuring that everyone would know it was a Chevy. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] (also known as a [[Full Hybrid|full hybrid]]) is has a lower stance in the front and has additional aerodynamic features [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics] compared to the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe. <br /> <br /> The Vortec V8-powered [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] combines GM's Active Fuel Management technology ([[Cylinder Deactivation]]) with a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-electric drive system developed by a [[General Motors Corporation|GM]], [[BMW]], and [[Chrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|partnership]], and based on the technology in GM's [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] transit buses. The result is said to be a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency. <br /> <br /> <br /> Said Tom Stephens, group vice president, GM Powertrain, &quot;The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] delivers on GM's commitment to apply advanced technologies where we will realize the most fuel savings.&quot; <br /> <br /> The two-mode is patented [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology which maximizes efficiency for city and highway driving. In the first mode, at low speeds, the vehicle can operate in one of 3 ways: electric only, engine power only or in any combination of engine and electric power. The second mode combines electronic controls, such as Active Fuel Management (Displacement on Demand), cam phasing, and late-intake valve closure, allowing even more efficient engine operation. <br /> <br /> Because the architecture can be scaled to fit multiple vehicles and adapted to [[Gasoline|gasoline]] or [[Diesel Vehicles|diesel]] engines, the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode]] full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] can be applied globally. <br /> <br /> For information on the currently available ''non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]'' version See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Tahoe Review|'''Chevy Tahoe Review''']].<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Specifications==<br /> <br /> *Body Type: 5-door body on frame SUV<br /> *Layout: front engine, [[Four Wheel Drive|AWD]] / [[Four Wheel Drive|4WD]]<br /> *Gas Engine: 5.3-liter (327 cu in) OHV V8<br /> *[[Continuously Variable Transmission|Transmission: continuously variable]]<br /> *Brakes (front/rear): disc/disc, [[Anti-Lock Brakes ABS|ABS]]<br /> *Seating Capacity: 7 - 9<br /> *Curb Weight: TBA<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing has not been announced.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> GM has set the bar high with the Chevy Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] and hopes to achieve a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> <br /> Special features, including prominent [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] badges and a Glacier Gold exterior finish, complete the look. The hood and liftgate are made of aluminum to keep the weight down, and the leading edges of the hood have been altered for better aerodynamics. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] keeps the Chevy dual-port grille with &quot;bowtie&quot;, but has larger intake to accommodate the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain's higher airflow requirement for cooling. The front and rear fascias are angled in slightly and the running boards are flared in front for better aerodynamic performance.<br /> <br /> Other aerodynamic features include: <br /> <br /> *Sharpening of the D-pillar rearward (including the tail lamps)<br /> *A centre high mounted stop light detail spoiler over the rear liftgate <br /> *A panel under the back of the vehicle to facilitate airflow. <br /> *Lightweight, aero-efficient wheels with [[Low Rolling Resistance Tires|low rolling-resistance tires]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> *[http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> *[http://www.gm.com/ Official GM Site]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=File:Tahoehybrid.jpg&diff=14301 2006-07-21T15:00:57Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Tahoe_Hybrid&diff=14296 2006-07-21T14:46:21Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tahoe Hybrid System 1.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Tahoe Hybrid Badge.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [Image:Tahoe Hybrid White.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The [[Chevrolet]] Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will go on sale next year as a 2008 model, along with the [[GMC]] Yukon Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]]. Pricing and production volumes have not been announced. <br /> <br /> According to Design Manager David Smith, he and his team gave the Chevy Tahoe [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|Two-mode Hybrid]] a slightly different look to go with its [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain, while still ensuring that everyone would know it was a Chevy. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] (also known as a [[Full Hybrid|full hybrid]]) is has a lower stance in the front and has additional aerodynamic features [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics] compared to the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe. <br /> <br /> The Vortec V8-powered [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] combines GM's Active Fuel Management technology ([[Cylinder Deactivation]]) with a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-electric drive system developed by a [[General Motors Corporation|GM]], [[BMW]], and [[Chrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|partnership]], and based on the technology in GM's [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] transit buses. The result is said to be a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency. <br /> <br /> <br /> Said Tom Stephens, group vice president, GM Powertrain, &quot;The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] delivers on GM's commitment to apply advanced technologies where we will realize the most fuel savings.&quot; <br /> <br /> The two-mode is patented [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology which maximizes efficiency for city and highway driving. In the first mode, at low speeds, the vehicle can operate in one of 3 ways: electric only, engine power only or in any combination of engine and electric power. The second mode combines electronic controls, such as Active Fuel Management (Displacement on Demand), cam phasing, and late-intake valve closure, allowing even more efficient engine operation. <br /> <br /> Because the architecture can be scaled to fit multiple vehicles and adapted to [[Gasoline|gasoline]] or [[Diesel Vehicles|diesel]] engines, the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode]] full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] can be applied globally. <br /> <br /> For information on the currently available ''non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]'' version See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Tahoe Review|'''Chevy Tahoe Review''']].<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Specifications==<br /> <br /> *Body Type: 5-door body on frame SUV<br /> *Layout: front engine, [[Four Wheel Drive|AWD]] / [[Four Wheel Drive|4WD]]<br /> *Gas Engine: 5.3-liter (327 cu in) OHV V8<br /> *[[Continuously Variable Transmission|Transmission: continuously variable]]<br /> *Brakes (front/rear): disc/disc, [[Anti-Lock Brakes ABS|ABS]]<br /> *Seating Capacity: 7 - 9<br /> *Curb Weight: TBA<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing has not been announced.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> [[Image:Tahoe Hybrid Engine.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Under the hood of Chevy's Tahoe Two-Mode Hybrid ]]GM has set the bar high with the Chevy Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] and hopes to achieve a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> <br /> Special features, including prominent [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] badges and a Glacier Gold exterior finish, complete the look. The hood and liftgate are made of aluminum to keep the weight down, and the leading edges of the hood have been altered for better aerodynamics. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] keeps the Chevy dual-port grille with &quot;bowtie&quot;, but has larger intake to accommodate the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain's higher airflow requirement for cooling. The front and rear fascias are angled in slightly and the running boards are flared in front for better aerodynamic performance.<br /> <br /> Other aerodynamic features include: <br /> <br /> *Sharpening of the D-pillar rearward (including the tail lamps)<br /> *A centre high mounted stop light detail spoiler over the rear liftgate <br /> *A panel under the back of the vehicle to facilitate airflow. <br /> *Lightweight, aero-efficient wheels with [[Low Rolling Resistance Tires|low rolling-resistance tires]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> *[http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> *[http://www.gm.com/ Official GM Site]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Tahoe_Hybrid&diff=14295 2006-07-21T14:45:43Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tahoe Hybrid 1.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Tahoe Hybrid System 1.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Tahoe Hybrid Badge.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [Image:Tahoe Hybrid White.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The [[Chevrolet]] Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will go on sale next year as a 2008 model, along with the [[GMC]] Yukon Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]]. Pricing and production volumes have not been announced. <br /> <br /> According to Design Manager David Smith, he and his team gave the Chevy Tahoe [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|Two-mode Hybrid]] a slightly different look to go with its [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain, while still ensuring that everyone would know it was a Chevy. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] (also known as a [[Full Hybrid|full hybrid]]) is has a lower stance in the front and has additional aerodynamic features [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics] compared to the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe. <br /> <br /> The Vortec V8-powered [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] combines GM's Active Fuel Management technology ([[Cylinder Deactivation]]) with a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-electric drive system developed by a [[General Motors Corporation|GM]], [[BMW]], and [[Chrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|partnership]], and based on the technology in GM's [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] transit buses. The result is said to be a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency. <br /> <br /> <br /> Said Tom Stephens, group vice president, GM Powertrain, &quot;The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] delivers on GM's commitment to apply advanced technologies where we will realize the most fuel savings.&quot; <br /> <br /> The two-mode is patented [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology which maximizes efficiency for city and highway driving. In the first mode, at low speeds, the vehicle can operate in one of 3 ways: electric only, engine power only or in any combination of engine and electric power. The second mode combines electronic controls, such as Active Fuel Management (Displacement on Demand), cam phasing, and late-intake valve closure, allowing even more efficient engine operation. <br /> <br /> Because the architecture can be scaled to fit multiple vehicles and adapted to [[Gasoline|gasoline]] or [[Diesel Vehicles|diesel]] engines, the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode]] full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] can be applied globally. <br /> <br /> For information on the currently available ''non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]'' version See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Tahoe Review|'''Chevy Tahoe Review''']].<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Specifications==<br /> <br /> *Body Type: 5-door body on frame SUV<br /> *Layout: front engine, [[Four Wheel Drive|AWD]] / [[Four Wheel Drive|4WD]]<br /> *Gas Engine: 5.3-liter (327 cu in) OHV V8<br /> *[[Continuously Variable Transmission|Transmission: continuously variable]]<br /> *Brakes (front/rear): disc/disc, [[Anti-Lock Brakes ABS|ABS]]<br /> *Seating Capacity: 7 - 9<br /> *Curb Weight: TBA<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing has not been announced.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> [[Image:Tahoe Hybrid Engine.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Under the hood of Chevy's Tahoe Two-Mode Hybrid ]]GM has set the bar high with the Chevy Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] and hopes to achieve a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> <br /> Special features, including prominent [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] badges and a Glacier Gold exterior finish, complete the look. The hood and liftgate are made of aluminum to keep the weight down, and the leading edges of the hood have been altered for better aerodynamics. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] keeps the Chevy dual-port grille with &quot;bowtie&quot;, but has larger intake to accommodate the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain's higher airflow requirement for cooling. The front and rear fascias are angled in slightly and the running boards are flared in front for better aerodynamic performance.<br /> <br /> Other aerodynamic features include: <br /> <br /> *Sharpening of the D-pillar rearward (including the tail lamps)<br /> *A centre high mounted stop light detail spoiler over the rear liftgate <br /> *A panel under the back of the vehicle to facilitate airflow. <br /> *Lightweight, aero-efficient wheels with [[Low Rolling Resistance Tires|low rolling-resistance tires]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> *[http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> *[http://www.gm.com/ Official GM Site]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Tahoe_Hybrid&diff=14294 2006-07-21T14:44:35Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Tahoe Hybrid 1.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Tahoe Hybrid System 1.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Tahoe Hybrid Badge.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [Image:Tahoe Hybrid White.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Tahoe Hybrid Logo.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The [[Chevrolet]] Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] will go on sale next year as a 2008 model, along with the [[GMC]] Yukon Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]]. Pricing and production volumes have not been announced. <br /> <br /> According to Design Manager David Smith, he and his team gave the Chevy Tahoe [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|Two-mode Hybrid]] a slightly different look to go with its [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain, while still ensuring that everyone would know it was a Chevy. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] (also known as a [[Full Hybrid|full hybrid]]) is has a lower stance in the front and has additional aerodynamic features [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_aerodynamics] compared to the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe. <br /> <br /> The Vortec V8-powered [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] combines GM's Active Fuel Management technology ([[Cylinder Deactivation]]) with a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-electric drive system developed by a [[General Motors Corporation|GM]], [[BMW]], and [[Chrysler|DaimlerChrysler]] [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|partnership]], and based on the technology in GM's [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] transit buses. The result is said to be a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency. <br /> <br /> <br /> Said Tom Stephens, group vice president, GM Powertrain, &quot;The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] delivers on GM's commitment to apply advanced technologies where we will realize the most fuel savings.&quot; <br /> <br /> The two-mode is patented [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology which maximizes efficiency for city and highway driving. In the first mode, at low speeds, the vehicle can operate in one of 3 ways: electric only, engine power only or in any combination of engine and electric power. The second mode combines electronic controls, such as Active Fuel Management (Displacement on Demand), cam phasing, and late-intake valve closure, allowing even more efficient engine operation. <br /> <br /> Because the architecture can be scaled to fit multiple vehicles and adapted to [[Gasoline|gasoline]] or [[Diesel Vehicles|diesel]] engines, the [[Global Hybrid Cooperation|two-mode]] full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] can be applied globally. <br /> <br /> For information on the currently available ''non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]'' version See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Tahoe Review|'''Chevy Tahoe Review''']].<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> ==Specifications==<br /> <br /> *Body Type: 5-door body on frame SUV<br /> *Layout: front engine, [[Four Wheel Drive|AWD]] / [[Four Wheel Drive|4WD]]<br /> *Gas Engine: 5.3-liter (327 cu in) OHV V8<br /> *[[Continuously Variable Transmission|Transmission: continuously variable]]<br /> *Brakes (front/rear): disc/disc, [[Anti-Lock Brakes ABS|ABS]]<br /> *Seating Capacity: 7 - 9<br /> *Curb Weight: TBA<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing has not been announced.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> [[Image:Tahoe Hybrid Engine.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Under the hood of Chevy's Tahoe Two-Mode Hybrid ]]GM has set the bar high with the Chevy Tahoe [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] and hopes to achieve a 25 percent improvement in composite fuel efficiency over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Tahoe.<br /> <br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> <br /> Special features, including prominent [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] badges and a Glacier Gold exterior finish, complete the look. The hood and liftgate are made of aluminum to keep the weight down, and the leading edges of the hood have been altered for better aerodynamics. The Tahoe Two-mode [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] keeps the Chevy dual-port grille with &quot;bowtie&quot;, but has larger intake to accommodate the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] powertrain's higher airflow requirement for cooling. The front and rear fascias are angled in slightly and the running boards are flared in front for better aerodynamic performance.<br /> <br /> Other aerodynamic features include: <br /> <br /> *Sharpening of the D-pillar rearward (including the tail lamps)<br /> *A centre high mounted stop light detail spoiler over the rear liftgate <br /> *A panel under the back of the vehicle to facilitate airflow. <br /> *Lightweight, aero-efficient wheels with [[Low Rolling Resistance Tires|low rolling-resistance tires]]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> *[http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> *[http://www.gm.com/ Official GM Site]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Saturn_Aura_Green_Line&diff=14278 2006-07-21T14:29:28Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Saturn Aura.jpg|right|300 px]]<br /> The '''Saturn Aura Green Line''' <br /> <br /> Following in the footsteps of the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]], the Aura Green Line will feature the same 2.4L [[Inline-4|inline-4]] and will be the first production [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] passenger car for [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], however will not be available to consumers until early 2007 as a 2008 model.<br /> <br /> [[Saturn]] launched the 2007 Aura at the New York International Auto Show to rave reviews. The announcement that the same vehicle will be produced as a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] model is a giant step for the company. Until now, [[General Motors|GM]] has only focused on [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology in trucks and buses.<br /> <br /> Early reports indicate that [[GM]] will likely use their [[Belt Alternator Starter (BAS)|belt alternator starter (BAS)]] [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system coupled with a [[Continuously Variable Transmission|continuously variable transmission (CVT)]], similar to what is available currently for the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]].<br /> <br /> The BAS system combines engine controls with a precision electric motor/generator, providing an estimated fuel economy savings of 10-15 percent. This system is widely known as a [[Mild Hybrid|mild hybrid]]. If successful, the system could be readily available on other mid-size car models as demand warrants. Since the Aura shares it's Epsilon platform with the Chevy Malibu, GM has speculated that car will also receive [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] trimmings. See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid]]<br /> <br /> [[General Motors Corporation]] is using the BAS-based Green Line [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system to try to deliver a simple [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] architecture flexible enough and at a low enough cost to use on a global scale.<br /> <br /> See WikiCars' comprehensive [[Saturn Aura]] review.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is speculated to remain close to the 2007 Saturn Aura with a slight premium for the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology. It would not be unreasonable to expect the Saturn Aura Green Line to have an MSRP between $21,000 and $26,000 depending on trim level.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> It is estimated that the Saturn Aura Green Line will achieve 12-15 percent greater fuel economy over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version, which is not currently rated by the [http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/byclass.htm Environmental Protection Agency EPA.]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://www.saturn.com/saturn/vehicles/futurevehicles/index.jsp Saturn Future Vehicles]<br /> <br /> [http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> <br /> [http://www.greenhybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hybridcars.com HybridCars.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Saturn_Aura_Green_Line&diff=14277 2006-07-21T14:29:06Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Saturn Aura.jpg|right|300 px]]<br /> The '''Saturn Aura Green Line''' <br /> <br /> Following in the footsteps of the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]], the Aura Green Line will feature the same 2.4L [[Inline-4|inline-4]] and will be the first production [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] passenger car for [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], however will not be available to consumers until early 2007 as a 2008 model.<br /> <br /> [[Saturn]] launched the 2007 Aura at the New York International Auto Show to rave reviews. The announcement that the same vehicle will be produced as a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] model is a giant step for the company. Until now, [[General Motors|GM]] has only focused on [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology in trucks and buses.<br /> <br /> Early reports indicate that [[GM]] will likely use their [[Belt Alternator Starter (BAS)|belt alternator starter (BAS)]] [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system coupled with a [[Continuously Variable Transmission|continuously variable transmission (CVT)]], similar to what is available currently for the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]].<br /> <br /> The BAS system combines engine controls with a precision electric motor/generator, providing an estimated fuel economy savings of 10-15 percent. This system is widely known as a [[Mild Hybrid|mild hybrid]]. If successful, the system could be readily available on other mid-size car models as demand warrants. Since the Aura shares it's Epsilon platform with the Chevy Malibu, GM has speculated that car will also receive [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] trimmings. See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid]]<br /> <br /> [[General Motors Corporation]] is using the BAS-based Green Line [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system to try to deliver a simple [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] architecture flexible enough and at a low enough cost to use on a global scale.<br /> <br /> See WikiCars' comprehensive [[Saturn Aura]] review.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is speculated to remain close to the 2007 Saturn Aura with a slight premium for the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology. It would not be unreasonable to expect the Saturn Aura Green Line to have an MSRP between $21,000 and $26,000 depending on trim level.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> It is estimated that the Saturn Aura Green Line will achieve 12-15 percent greater fuel economy over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version, which is not currently rated by the [http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/byclass.htm Environmental Protection Agency EPA.]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://www.saturn.com/saturn/vehicles/futurevehicles/index.jsp Saturn Future Vehicles]<br /> <br /> [http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> <br /> [http://www.greenhybrid.com GreenHybrid]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hybridcars.com Hybrid Cars]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Saturn_Aura_Green_Line&diff=14276 2006-07-21T14:28:49Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Gas Mileage */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Saturn Aura.jpg|right|300 px]]<br /> The '''Saturn Aura Green Line''' <br /> <br /> Following in the footsteps of the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]], the Aura Green Line will feature the same 2.4L [[Inline-4|inline-4]] and will be the first production [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] passenger car for [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], however will not be available to consumers until early 2007 as a 2008 model.<br /> <br /> [[Saturn]] launched the 2007 Aura at the New York International Auto Show to rave reviews. The announcement that the same vehicle will be produced as a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] model is a giant step for the company. Until now, [[General Motors|GM]] has only focused on [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology in trucks and buses.<br /> <br /> Early reports indicate that [[GM]] will likely use their [[Belt Alternator Starter (BAS)|belt alternator starter (BAS)]] [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system coupled with a [[Continuously Variable Transmission|continuously variable transmission (CVT)]], similar to what is available currently for the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]].<br /> <br /> The BAS system combines engine controls with a precision electric motor/generator, providing an estimated fuel economy savings of 10-15 percent. This system is widely known as a [[Mild Hybrid|mild hybrid]]. If successful, the system could be readily available on other mid-size car models as demand warrants. Since the Aura shares it's Epsilon platform with the Chevy Malibu, GM has speculated that car will also receive [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] trimmings. See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid]]<br /> <br /> [[General Motors Corporation]] is using the BAS-based Green Line [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system to try to deliver a simple [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] architecture flexible enough and at a low enough cost to use on a global scale.<br /> <br /> See WikiCars' comprehensive [[Saturn Aura]] review.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is speculated to remain close to the 2007 Saturn Aura with a slight premium for the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology. It would not be unreasonable to expect the Saturn Aura Green Line to have an MSRP between $21,000 and $26,000 depending on trim level.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> It is estimated that the Saturn Aura Green Line will achieve 12-15 percent greater fuel economy over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version, which is not currently rated by the [http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/byclass.htm Environmental Protection Agency EPA.]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://www.saturn.com/saturn/vehicles/futurevehicles/index.jsp Saturn Future Vehicles]<br /> <br /> [http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> <br /> [http://www.greenhybrid.com GreenHybrid]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hybridcars.com Hybrid Cars]]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Saturn_Aura_Green_Line&diff=14275 2006-07-21T14:27:06Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Saturn Aura.jpg|right|300 px]]<br /> The '''Saturn Aura Green Line''' <br /> <br /> Following in the footsteps of the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]], the Aura Green Line will feature the same 2.4L [[Inline-4|inline-4]] and will be the first production [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] passenger car for [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], however will not be available to consumers until early 2007 as a 2008 model.<br /> <br /> [[Saturn]] launched the 2007 Aura at the New York International Auto Show to rave reviews. The announcement that the same vehicle will be produced as a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] model is a giant step for the company. Until now, [[General Motors|GM]] has only focused on [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology in trucks and buses.<br /> <br /> Early reports indicate that [[GM]] will likely use their [[Belt Alternator Starter (BAS)|belt alternator starter (BAS)]] [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system coupled with a [[Continuously Variable Transmission|continuously variable transmission (CVT)]], similar to what is available currently for the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]].<br /> <br /> The BAS system combines engine controls with a precision electric motor/generator, providing an estimated fuel economy savings of 10-15 percent. This system is widely known as a [[Mild Hybrid|mild hybrid]]. If successful, the system could be readily available on other mid-size car models as demand warrants. Since the Aura shares it's Epsilon platform with the Chevy Malibu, GM has speculated that car will also receive [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] trimmings. See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid]]<br /> <br /> [[General Motors Corporation]] is using the BAS-based Green Line [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system to try to deliver a simple [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] architecture flexible enough and at a low enough cost to use on a global scale.<br /> <br /> See WikiCars' comprehensive [[Saturn Aura]] review.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is speculated to remain close to the 2007 Saturn Aura with a slight premium for the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology. It would not be unreasonable to expect the Saturn Aura Green Line to have an MSRP between $21,000 and $26,000 depending on trim level.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> It is estimated that the Saturn Aura Green Line will achieve 12-15 percent greater fuel economy over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version, which is not currently rated by the Environmental Protection Agency. [http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/byclass.htm EPA]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://www.saturn.com/saturn/vehicles/futurevehicles/index.jsp Saturn Future Vehicles]<br /> <br /> [http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> <br /> [http://www.greenhybrid.com GreenHybrid]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hybridcars.com Hybrid Cars]]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Saturn_Aura_Green_Line&diff=14274 2006-07-21T14:26:34Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Saturn Aura.jpg|right|300 px]]<br /> The '''Saturn Aura Green Line''' <br /> <br /> Following in the footsteps of the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]], the Aura Green Line will feature the same 2.4L [[Inline-4|inline-4]] and will be the first production [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] passenger car for [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], however will not be available to consumers until early 2007 as a 2008 model.<br /> <br /> [[Saturn]] launched the 2007 Aura at the New York International Auto Show to rave reviews. The announcement that the same vehicle will be produced as a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] model is a giant step for the company. Until now, [[General Motors|GM]] has only focused on [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology in trucks and buses.<br /> <br /> Early reports indicate that GM will likely use their [[Belt Alternator Starter (BAS)|belt alternator starter (BAS)]] [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system coupled with a [[Continuously Variable Transmission|continuously variable transmission (CVT)]], similar to what is available currently for the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]].<br /> <br /> The BAS system combines engine controls with a precision electric motor/generator, providing an estimated fuel economy savings of 10-15 percent. This system is widely known as a [[Mild Hybrid|mild hybrid]]. If successful, the system could be readily available on other mid-size car models as demand warrants. Since the Aura shares it's Epsilon platform with the Chevy Malibu, GM has speculated that car will also receive [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] trimmings. See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid]]<br /> <br /> [[General Motors Corporation]] is using the BAS-based Green Line [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system to try to deliver a simple [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] architecture flexible enough and at a low enough cost to use on a global scale.<br /> <br /> See WikiCars' comprehensive [[Saturn Aura]] review.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is speculated to remain close to the 2007 Saturn Aura with a slight premium for the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology. It would not be unreasonable to expect the Saturn Aura Green Line to have an MSRP between $21,000 and $26,000 depending on trim level.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> It is estimated that the Saturn Aura Green Line will achieve 12-15 percent greater fuel economy over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version, which is not currently rated by the Environmental Protection Agency. [http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/byclass.htm EPA]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://www.saturn.com/saturn/vehicles/futurevehicles/index.jsp Saturn Future Vehicles]<br /> <br /> [http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> <br /> [http://www.greenhybrid.com GreenHybrid]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hybridcars.com Hybrid Cars]]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Saturn_Aura_Green_Line&diff=14272 2006-07-21T14:26:16Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Saturn Aura.jpg|right|300 px]]<br /> The '''Saturn Aura Green Line''' <br /> <br /> Following in the footsteps of the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]], the Aura Green Line will feature the same 2.4L [[Inline-4|inline-4]] and will be the first production [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] passenger car for [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], however will not be available to consumers until early 2007 as a 2008 model.<br /> <br /> [[Saturn]] launched the 2007 Aura at the New York International Auto Show to rave reviews. The announcement that the same vehicle will be produced as a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] model is a giant step for the company. Until now, [[General Motors|GM]] has only focused on [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] technology in trucks and buses.<br /> <br /> Early reports indicate that GM will likely use their [[Belt Alternator Starter (BAS)|belt alternator starter (BAS)]] [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system coupled with a [[Continuously Variable Transmission|continuously variable transmission (CVT)]], similar to what is available currently for the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]].<br /> <br /> The BAS system combines engine controls with a precision electric motor/generator, providing an estimated fuel economy savings of 10-15 percent. This system is widely known as a [[Mild Hybrid|mild hybrid]]. If successful, the system could be readily available on other mid-size car models as demand warrants. Since the Aura shares it's Epsilon platform with the Chevy Malibu, GM has speculated that car will also receive [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] trimmings. See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid]]<br /> <br /> [[General Motors Corporation]] is using the BAS-based Green Line [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system to try to deliver a simple [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] architecture flexible enough and at a low enough cost to use on a global scale.<br /> <br /> See WikiCars' comprehensive [[Saturn Aura]] review.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is speculated to remain close to the 2007 Saturn Aura with a slight premium for the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology. It would not be unreasonable to expect the Saturn Aura Green Line to have an MSRP between $21,000 and $26,000 depending on trim level.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> It is estimated that the Saturn Aura Green Line will achieve 12-15 percent greater fuel economy over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version, which is not currently rated by the Environmental Protection Agency. [http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/byclass.htm EPA]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://www.saturn.com/saturn/vehicles/futurevehicles/index.jsp Saturn Future Vehicles]<br /> <br /> [http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> <br /> [http://www.greenhybrid.com GreenHybrid]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hybridcars.com Hybrid Cars]]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Saturn_Aura_Green_Line&diff=14270 2006-07-21T14:23:14Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:Saturn Aura.jpg|thumb|400 px|right|2007 Saturn Aura]]<br /> The '''Saturn Aura Green Line''' <br /> <br /> Following in the footsteps of the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]], the Aura Green Line will feature the same 2.4L [[Inline-4|inline-4]] and will be the first production [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] passenger car for [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], however will not be available to consumers until early 2007 as a 2008 model.<br /> <br /> [[Saturn]] launched the 2007 Aura at the New York International Auto Show to rave reviews. The announcement that the same vehicle will be produced as a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] model is a giant step for the company. Until now, GM has only focused on [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] technology in trucks and buses.<br /> <br /> Early reports indicate that GM will likely use their [[Belt Alternator Starter (BAS)|belt alternator starter (BAS)]] [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system coupled with a [[Continuously Variable Transmission|continuously variable transmission (CVT)]], similar to what is available currently for the [[Saturn VUE Green Line]].<br /> <br /> The BAS system combines engine controls with a precision electric motor/generator, providing an estimated fuel economy savings of 10-15 percent. This system is widely known as a [[Mild Hybrid|mild hybrid]]. If successful, the system could be readily available on other mid-size car models as demand warrants. Since the Aura shares it's Epsilon platform with the Chevy Malibu, GM has speculated that car will also receive [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] trimmings. See WikiCars' [[Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid]]<br /> <br /> [[General Motors Corporation]] is using the BAS-based Green Line [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] system to try to deliver a simple [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] architecture flexible enough and at a low enough cost to use on a global scale.<br /> <br /> See WikiCars' comprehensive [[Saturn Aura]] review.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is speculated to remain close to the 2007 Saturn Aura with a slight premium for the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] technology. It would not be unreasonable to expect the Saturn Aura Green Line to have an MSRP between $21,000 and $26,000 depending on trim level.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> It is estimated that the Saturn Aura Green Line will achieve 12-15 percent greater fuel economy over the non-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version, which is not currently rated by the Environmental Protection Agency. [http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/byclass.htm EPA]<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> <br /> [http://www.saturn.com/saturn/vehicles/futurevehicles/index.jsp Saturn Future Vehicles]<br /> <br /> [http://www.media.gm.com/us/gm/en/index.html.com GM Media Online]<br /> <br /> [http://www.greenhybrid.com GreenHybrid]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hybridcars.com Hybrid Cars]]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Nissan_Altima_Hybrid&diff=14269 2006-07-21T14:19:46Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Gas Mileage */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:2007altima.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> The Altima [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] is built off Nissan's redesigned 2007 [http://www.nissanusa.com/altima/?Site=Overture+Services,+Inc.&amp;Creative=Unknown&amp;Area=altima&amp;CMP=KNC-Overture&amp;ovmkt=N6HQOQ59O6LNAJR9SMML29L8Q0 Altima] sedan. It is being introduced for the 2007 model year and expected to be released early in the 2007 calendar year. The [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version will give better fuel economy and lower emissions.<br /> <br /> [[Nissan|Nissan]] is licensing the drive system technology from Toyota; however they will offer the same 2.5-liter engine from the current 4-cylinder Altimas. Although they are rivals, using Toyota's technology will move the Altima [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] to market faster and Toyota can recapture some of their technology [http://www.mixedpower.com/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=1152 investment].<br /> <br /> The standard and options on the Altima [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] and the current [http://www.carsdirect.com/build/style?make=NI&amp;modelid=185&amp;zipcode=90210&amp;trim_groups=2.5l, Altima] are expected to be the same. The only difference for the customer will be the gasoline-electric engine and the advanced Xtronic CVT™ (Continuously Variable Transmission) combination. <br /> <br /> The Smyrna, Tennessee plant is being readied to assemble the new [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]. Estimated U.S. sales are 50,000 units in its first year of production. The plan is to roll these vehicles out in 8 states where the market for [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid vehicles]] is higher. These include California, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, Rhode Island, Maine and New Jersey.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing for the Nissan Altima [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] has not yet been announced. <br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> Not available at this time.<br /> <br /> ==Photos==<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> <br /> [http://www.autobytel.com/content/shared/articles/templates/index.cfm/article_id_int/57 2007 Nissan Altima Hybrid] Test Drive Review - autobytel.com<br /> <br /> [http://car-reviews.automobile.com/Nissan/review/2007-nissan-altima-hybrid-preview/810/ 2007 Nissan Altima Hybrid] Review - automobile.com<br /> <br /> [http://www.soultek.com/clean_energy/hybrid_cars/hybrid_car_types/Nissan_altima_hybrid_car.htm 2007 Nissan Altima Hybrid] Review - soultek.com</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lexus_LS_600h_L&diff=14268 2006-07-21T14:19:00Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* External Links */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:LS 600h-L 2.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600HD Energy Monitor.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600hl Headlight.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Lexus]] has announced that the LS600h L (a performance [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of its flag ship sedan) is scheduled to go on sale in North America by spring 2007. It will be the world's first vehicle to feature a [[Full Hybrid|'''full hybrid''']] V8 powertrain. The LS 600h L will combine an all new 5.0 liter [[V8]] gas engine with high-output electric motors and a newly designed &quot;large capacity&quot; [[Battery pack|battery pack]]. It will provide an estimated combined 430 [[HP|horsepower]]. As a [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|SULEV-rated]] (Super Low Emissions) vehicle, the LS600h L is estimated to produce just 20 per cent of the pollution that causes smog than that of conventional V8 power plants. The vehicle will use a 2-stage [[Continuously Variable Transmission|ECVT transmission]]. <br /> <br /> Since there is inherent noise, vibration and harshness (NHV) generated by most [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] power plants, [[Lexus|Lexus]] engineers have turned their attention to this area. Their efforts were so focused on cabin quietness that they had to extensively re-engineer many of the accessory motors and switches to compensate for such quiet running.<br /> <br /> With &quot;quiet-ride&quot; ranking as one of the top reasons to purchase a luxury vehicle, the LS 600h L is poised to please even the most exacting luxury car buyer. According to [[Lexus|Lexus]], the LS 600h L has NVH levels that are about half that found in conventional cars, making the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] LS one of the quietest automobiles ever built. <br /> <br /> When it hits North American dealers in the spring of 2007, only the long-wheelbase version will be offered. <br /> <br /> Preliminary dimensions are available on the [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Lexus website.]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is expected to be slightly above $100,000 USD.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> The 2008 [[Lexus]] LS 600h L [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] is expected to have a combined city/highway mileage in the low-20 mile per gallon range.<br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> The [[Lexus|Lexus]] LS 600h L has the first [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] headlights of any production vehicle. It is also speculated that the LS 600h L will also have a newly developed [[Advanced Pre-Collision System (APCS)]], a [[Lexus]] first. The APCS detects objects in its forward path such as other vehicles and even pedestrians. It will then warn the driver before making the necessary braking and steering actions to avoid a collision.<br /> <br /> The vehicle is also capable of taking the control when it's time to squeeze into that tight city parking space. A parallel-[[Park Assist|park-assist]] function parks the car at the push of a button, requiring just a little brake work from the driver.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp LS 600h L Preliminary Site]<br /> * [http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> * [http://www.MixedPower.com MixedPower.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lexus_LS_600h_L&diff=14267 2006-07-21T14:18:13Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Unique Attributes */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:LS 600h-L 2.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600HD Energy Monitor.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600hl Headlight.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Lexus]] has announced that the LS600h L (a performance [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of its flag ship sedan) is scheduled to go on sale in North America by spring 2007. It will be the world's first vehicle to feature a [[Full Hybrid|'''full hybrid''']] V8 powertrain. The LS 600h L will combine an all new 5.0 liter [[V8]] gas engine with high-output electric motors and a newly designed &quot;large capacity&quot; [[Battery pack|battery pack]]. It will provide an estimated combined 430 [[HP|horsepower]]. As a [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|SULEV-rated]] (Super Low Emissions) vehicle, the LS600h L is estimated to produce just 20 per cent of the pollution that causes smog than that of conventional V8 power plants. The vehicle will use a 2-stage [[Continuously Variable Transmission|ECVT transmission]]. <br /> <br /> Since there is inherent noise, vibration and harshness (NHV) generated by most [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] power plants, [[Lexus|Lexus]] engineers have turned their attention to this area. Their efforts were so focused on cabin quietness that they had to extensively re-engineer many of the accessory motors and switches to compensate for such quiet running.<br /> <br /> With &quot;quiet-ride&quot; ranking as one of the top reasons to purchase a luxury vehicle, the LS 600h L is poised to please even the most exacting luxury car buyer. According to [[Lexus|Lexus]], the LS 600h L has NVH levels that are about half that found in conventional cars, making the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] LS one of the quietest automobiles ever built. <br /> <br /> When it hits North American dealers in the spring of 2007, only the long-wheelbase version will be offered. <br /> <br /> Preliminary dimensions are available on the [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Lexus website.]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is expected to be slightly above $100,000 USD.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> The 2008 [[Lexus]] LS 600h L [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] is expected to have a combined city/highway mileage in the low-20 mile per gallon range.<br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> The [[Lexus|Lexus]] LS 600h L has the first [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] headlights of any production vehicle. It is also speculated that the LS 600h L will also have a newly developed [[Advanced Pre-Collision System (APCS)]], a [[Lexus]] first. The APCS detects objects in its forward path such as other vehicles and even pedestrians. It will then warn the driver before making the necessary braking and steering actions to avoid a collision.<br /> <br /> The vehicle is also capable of taking the control when it's time to squeeze into that tight city parking space. A parallel-[[Park Assist|park-assist]] function parks the car at the push of a button, requiring just a little brake work from the driver.<br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> <br /> * [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp LS 600h L Prelimenary Site]<br /> * [http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com]<br /> * [http://www.MixedPower.com MixedPower.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lexus_LS_600h_L&diff=14266 2006-07-21T14:16:44Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Unique Attributes */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:LS 600h-L 2.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600HD Energy Monitor.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600hl Headlight.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Lexus]] has announced that the LS600h L (a performance [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of its flag ship sedan) is scheduled to go on sale in North America by spring 2007. It will be the world's first vehicle to feature a [[Full Hybrid|'''full hybrid''']] V8 powertrain. The LS 600h L will combine an all new 5.0 liter [[V8]] gas engine with high-output electric motors and a newly designed &quot;large capacity&quot; [[Battery pack|battery pack]]. It will provide an estimated combined 430 [[HP|horsepower]]. As a [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|SULEV-rated]] (Super Low Emissions) vehicle, the LS600h L is estimated to produce just 20 per cent of the pollution that causes smog than that of conventional V8 power plants. The vehicle will use a 2-stage [[Continuously Variable Transmission|ECVT transmission]]. <br /> <br /> Since there is inherent noise, vibration and harshness (NHV) generated by most [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] power plants, [[Lexus|Lexus]] engineers have turned their attention to this area. Their efforts were so focused on cabin quietness that they had to extensively re-engineer many of the accessory motors and switches to compensate for such quiet running.<br /> <br /> With &quot;quiet-ride&quot; ranking as one of the top reasons to purchase a luxury vehicle, the LS 600h L is poised to please even the most exacting luxury car buyer. According to [[Lexus|Lexus]], the LS 600h L has NVH levels that are about half that found in conventional cars, making the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] LS one of the quietest automobiles ever built. <br /> <br /> When it hits North American dealers in the spring of 2007, only the long-wheelbase version will be offered. <br /> <br /> Preliminary dimensions are available on the [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Lexus website.]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is expected to be slightly above $100,000 USD.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> The 2008 [[Lexus]] LS 600h L [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] is expected to have a combined city/highway mileage in the low-20 mile per gallon range.<br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> The [[Lexus|Lexus]] LS 600h L has the first [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] headlights of any production vehicle. It is also speculated that the LS 600h L will also have a newly developed [[Advanced Pre-Collision System (APCS)]], a [[Lexus]] first. The APCS detects objects in its forward path such as other vehicles and even pedestrians. It will then warn the driver before making the necessary braking and steering actions to avoid a collision.<br /> <br /> The vehicle is also capable of taking the control when it's time to squeeze into that tight city parking space. A parallel-[[Park Assist|park-assist]] function parks the car at the push of a button, requiring just a little brake work from the driver.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''External Links'''<br /> <br /> *[http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Official Site]<br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com: The interactive [[Hybrid Car hybrid]] electric vehicle resource]<br /> *[http://www.MixedPower.com [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid Cars]] and Vehicles - MixedPower.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lexus_LS_600h_L&diff=14265 2006-07-21T14:16:29Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Unique Attributes */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:LS 600h-L 2.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600HD Energy Monitor.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600hl Headlight.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Lexus]] has announced that the LS600h L (a performance [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of its flag ship sedan) is scheduled to go on sale in North America by spring 2007. It will be the world's first vehicle to feature a [[Full Hybrid|'''full hybrid''']] V8 powertrain. The LS 600h L will combine an all new 5.0 liter [[V8]] gas engine with high-output electric motors and a newly designed &quot;large capacity&quot; [[Battery pack|battery pack]]. It will provide an estimated combined 430 [[HP|horsepower]]. As a [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|SULEV-rated]] (Super Low Emissions) vehicle, the LS600h L is estimated to produce just 20 per cent of the pollution that causes smog than that of conventional V8 power plants. The vehicle will use a 2-stage [[Continuously Variable Transmission|ECVT transmission]]. <br /> <br /> Since there is inherent noise, vibration and harshness (NHV) generated by most [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] power plants, [[Lexus|Lexus]] engineers have turned their attention to this area. Their efforts were so focused on cabin quietness that they had to extensively re-engineer many of the accessory motors and switches to compensate for such quiet running.<br /> <br /> With &quot;quiet-ride&quot; ranking as one of the top reasons to purchase a luxury vehicle, the LS 600h L is poised to please even the most exacting luxury car buyer. According to [[Lexus|Lexus]], the LS 600h L has NVH levels that are about half that found in conventional cars, making the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] LS one of the quietest automobiles ever built. <br /> <br /> When it hits North American dealers in the spring of 2007, only the long-wheelbase version will be offered. <br /> <br /> Preliminary dimensions are available on the [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Lexus website.]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is expected to be slightly above $100,000 USD.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> The 2008 [[Lexus]] LS 600h L [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] is expected to have a combined city/highway mileage in the low-20 mile per gallon range.<br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> The [[Lexus|Lexus]] LS 600h L has the first [[Light emitting diode|LED]] headlights of any production vehicle. It is also speculated that the LS 600h L will also have a newly developed [[Advanced Pre-Collision System (APCS)]], a [[Lexus]] first. The APCS detects objects in its forward path such as other vehicles and even pedestrians. It will then warn the driver before making the necessary braking and steering actions to avoid a collision.<br /> <br /> The vehicle is also capable of taking the control when it's time to squeeze into that tight city parking space. A parallel-[[Park Assist|park-assist]] function parks the car at the push of a button, requiring just a little brake work from the driver.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''External Links'''<br /> <br /> *[http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Official Site]<br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com: The interactive [[Hybrid Car hybrid]] electric vehicle resource]<br /> *[http://www.MixedPower.com [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid Cars]] and Vehicles - MixedPower.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lexus_LS_600h_L&diff=14264 2006-07-21T14:16:12Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Unique Attributes */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:LS 600h-L 2.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600HD Energy Monitor.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600hl Headlight.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Lexus]] has announced that the LS600h L (a performance [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of its flag ship sedan) is scheduled to go on sale in North America by spring 2007. It will be the world's first vehicle to feature a [[Full Hybrid|'''full hybrid''']] V8 powertrain. The LS 600h L will combine an all new 5.0 liter [[V8]] gas engine with high-output electric motors and a newly designed &quot;large capacity&quot; [[Battery pack|battery pack]]. It will provide an estimated combined 430 [[HP|horsepower]]. As a [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|SULEV-rated]] (Super Low Emissions) vehicle, the LS600h L is estimated to produce just 20 per cent of the pollution that causes smog than that of conventional V8 power plants. The vehicle will use a 2-stage [[Continuously Variable Transmission|ECVT transmission]]. <br /> <br /> Since there is inherent noise, vibration and harshness (NHV) generated by most [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] power plants, [[Lexus|Lexus]] engineers have turned their attention to this area. Their efforts were so focused on cabin quietness that they had to extensively re-engineer many of the accessory motors and switches to compensate for such quiet running.<br /> <br /> With &quot;quiet-ride&quot; ranking as one of the top reasons to purchase a luxury vehicle, the LS 600h L is poised to please even the most exacting luxury car buyer. According to [[Lexus|Lexus]], the LS 600h L has NVH levels that are about half that found in conventional cars, making the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] LS one of the quietest automobiles ever built. <br /> <br /> When it hits North American dealers in the spring of 2007, only the long-wheelbase version will be offered. <br /> <br /> Preliminary dimensions are available on the [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Lexus website.]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is expected to be slightly above $100,000 USD.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> The 2008 [[Lexus]] LS 600h L [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] is expected to have a combined city/highway mileage in the low-20 mile per gallon range.<br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> The [[Lexus|Lexus]] LS 600h L has the first [[Light-emitting diode|LED]] headlights of any production vehicle. It is also speculated that the LS 600h L will also have a newly developed [[Advanced Pre-Collision System (APCS)]], a [[Lexus]] first. The APCS detects objects in its forward path such as other vehicles and even pedestrians. It will then warn the driver before making the necessary braking and steering actions to avoid a collision.<br /> <br /> The vehicle is also capable of taking the control when it's time to squeeze into that tight city parking space. A parallel-[[Park Assist|park-assist]] function parks the car at the push of a button, requiring just a little brake work from the driver.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''External Links'''<br /> <br /> *[http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Official Site]<br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com: The interactive [[Hybrid Car hybrid]] electric vehicle resource]<br /> *[http://www.MixedPower.com [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid Cars]] and Vehicles - MixedPower.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lexus_LS_600h_L&diff=14262 2006-07-21T14:15:59Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Unique Attributes */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:LS 600h-L 2.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600HD Energy Monitor.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600hl Headlight.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Lexus]] has announced that the LS600h L (a performance [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of its flag ship sedan) is scheduled to go on sale in North America by spring 2007. It will be the world's first vehicle to feature a [[Full Hybrid|'''full hybrid''']] V8 powertrain. The LS 600h L will combine an all new 5.0 liter [[V8]] gas engine with high-output electric motors and a newly designed &quot;large capacity&quot; [[Battery pack|battery pack]]. It will provide an estimated combined 430 [[HP|horsepower]]. As a [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|SULEV-rated]] (Super Low Emissions) vehicle, the LS600h L is estimated to produce just 20 per cent of the pollution that causes smog than that of conventional V8 power plants. The vehicle will use a 2-stage [[Continuously Variable Transmission|ECVT transmission]]. <br /> <br /> Since there is inherent noise, vibration and harshness (NHV) generated by most [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] power plants, [[Lexus|Lexus]] engineers have turned their attention to this area. Their efforts were so focused on cabin quietness that they had to extensively re-engineer many of the accessory motors and switches to compensate for such quiet running.<br /> <br /> With &quot;quiet-ride&quot; ranking as one of the top reasons to purchase a luxury vehicle, the LS 600h L is poised to please even the most exacting luxury car buyer. According to [[Lexus|Lexus]], the LS 600h L has NVH levels that are about half that found in conventional cars, making the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] LS one of the quietest automobiles ever built. <br /> <br /> When it hits North American dealers in the spring of 2007, only the long-wheelbase version will be offered. <br /> <br /> Preliminary dimensions are available on the [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Lexus website.]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is expected to be slightly above $100,000 USD.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> The 2008 [[Lexus]] LS 600h L [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] is expected to have a combined city/highway mileage in the low-20 mile per gallon range.<br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> The [[Lexus|Lexus]] LS 600h L has the first [[Light-emiting diode|LED]] headlights of any production vehicle. It is also speculated that the LS 600h L will also have a newly developed [[Advanced Pre-Collision System (APCS)]], a [[Lexus]] first. The APCS detects objects in its forward path such as other vehicles and even pedestrians. It will then warn the driver before making the necessary braking and steering actions to avoid a collision.<br /> <br /> The vehicle is also capable of taking the control when it's time to squeeze into that tight city parking space. A parallel-[[Park Assist|park-assist]] function parks the car at the push of a button, requiring just a little brake work from the driver.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''External Links'''<br /> <br /> *[http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Official Site]<br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com: The interactive [[Hybrid Car hybrid]] electric vehicle resource]<br /> *[http://www.MixedPower.com [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid Cars]] and Vehicles - MixedPower.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lexus_LS_600h_L&diff=14261 2006-07-21T14:15:21Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Unique Attributes */</p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:LS 600h-L 2.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600HD Energy Monitor.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600hl Headlight.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Lexus]] has announced that the LS600h L (a performance [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of its flag ship sedan) is scheduled to go on sale in North America by spring 2007. It will be the world's first vehicle to feature a [[Full Hybrid|'''full hybrid''']] V8 powertrain. The LS 600h L will combine an all new 5.0 liter [[V8]] gas engine with high-output electric motors and a newly designed &quot;large capacity&quot; [[Battery pack|battery pack]]. It will provide an estimated combined 430 [[HP|horsepower]]. As a [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|SULEV-rated]] (Super Low Emissions) vehicle, the LS600h L is estimated to produce just 20 per cent of the pollution that causes smog than that of conventional V8 power plants. The vehicle will use a 2-stage [[Continuously Variable Transmission|ECVT transmission]]. <br /> <br /> Since there is inherent noise, vibration and harshness (NHV) generated by most [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] power plants, [[Lexus|Lexus]] engineers have turned their attention to this area. Their efforts were so focused on cabin quietness that they had to extensively re-engineer many of the accessory motors and switches to compensate for such quiet running.<br /> <br /> With &quot;quiet-ride&quot; ranking as one of the top reasons to purchase a luxury vehicle, the LS 600h L is poised to please even the most exacting luxury car buyer. According to [[Lexus|Lexus]], the LS 600h L has NVH levels that are about half that found in conventional cars, making the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] LS one of the quietest automobiles ever built. <br /> <br /> When it hits North American dealers in the spring of 2007, only the long-wheelbase version will be offered. <br /> <br /> Preliminary dimensions are available on the [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Lexus website.]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is expected to be slightly above $100,000 USD.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> The 2008 [[Lexus]] LS 600h L [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] is expected to have a combined city/highway mileage in the low-20 mile per gallon range.<br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> The [[Lexus|Lexus]] LS 600h L has the first [[LED]] headlights of any production vehicle. It is also speculated that the LS 600h L will also have a newly developed [[Advanced Pre-Collision System (APCS)]], a [[Lexus]] first. The APCS detects objects in its forward path such as other vehicles and even pedestrians. It will then warn the driver before making the necessary braking and steering actions to avoid a collision.<br /> <br /> The vehicle is also capable of taking the control when it's time to squeeze into that tight city parking space. A parallel-[[Park Assist|park-assist]] function parks the car at the push of a button, requiring just a little brake work from the driver.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''External Links'''<br /> <br /> *[http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Official Site]<br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com: The interactive [[Hybrid Car hybrid]] electric vehicle resource]<br /> *[http://www.MixedPower.com [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid Cars]] and Vehicles - MixedPower.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lexus_LS_600h_L&diff=14260 2006-07-21T14:14:28Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:LS 600h-L 2.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600HD Energy Monitor.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600hl Headlight.jpg|right|300px|]]<br /> [[Lexus]] has announced that the LS600h L (a performance [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of its flag ship sedan) is scheduled to go on sale in North America by spring 2007. It will be the world's first vehicle to feature a [[Full Hybrid|'''full hybrid''']] V8 powertrain. The LS 600h L will combine an all new 5.0 liter [[V8]] gas engine with high-output electric motors and a newly designed &quot;large capacity&quot; [[Battery pack|battery pack]]. It will provide an estimated combined 430 [[HP|horsepower]]. As a [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|SULEV-rated]] (Super Low Emissions) vehicle, the LS600h L is estimated to produce just 20 per cent of the pollution that causes smog than that of conventional V8 power plants. The vehicle will use a 2-stage [[Continuously Variable Transmission|ECVT transmission]]. <br /> <br /> Since there is inherent noise, vibration and harshness (NHV) generated by most [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] power plants, [[Lexus|Lexus]] engineers have turned their attention to this area. Their efforts were so focused on cabin quietness that they had to extensively re-engineer many of the accessory motors and switches to compensate for such quiet running.<br /> <br /> With &quot;quiet-ride&quot; ranking as one of the top reasons to purchase a luxury vehicle, the LS 600h L is poised to please even the most exacting luxury car buyer. According to [[Lexus|Lexus]], the LS 600h L has NVH levels that are about half that found in conventional cars, making the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] LS one of the quietest automobiles ever built. <br /> <br /> When it hits North American dealers in the spring of 2007, only the long-wheelbase version will be offered. <br /> <br /> Preliminary dimensions are available on the [http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Lexus website.]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is expected to be slightly above $100,000 USD.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> The 2008 [[Lexus]] LS 600h L [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] is expected to have a combined city/highway mileage in the low-20 mile per gallon range.<br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> The [[Lexus|Lexus]] LS 600h L has the first [[LED Headlights|LED front headlights]] of any production vehicle. It is also speculated that the LS 600h L will also have a newly developed [[Advanced Pre-Collision System (APCS)]], a [[Lexus]] first. The APCS detects objects in its forward path such as other vehicles and even pedestrians. It will then warn the driver before making the necessary braking and steering actions to avoid a collision.<br /> <br /> The vehicle is also capable of taking the control when it's time to squeeze into that tight city parking space. A parallel-[[Park Assist|park-assist]] function parks the car at the push of a button, requiring just a little brake work from the driver.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''External Links'''<br /> <br /> *[http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Official Site]<br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com: The interactive [[Hybrid Car hybrid]] electric vehicle resource]<br /> *[http://www.MixedPower.com [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid Cars]] and Vehicles - MixedPower.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Lexus_LS_600h_L&diff=14256 2006-07-21T13:57:07Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>[[Image:LS 600h-L 2.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> [[Lexus]] has announced that the LS600h L (a performance [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] version of its flag ship sedan) is scheduled to go on sale in North America by spring 2007. It will be the world's first vehicle to feature a [[Full Hybrid|'''full hybrid''']] V8 powertrain. The LS 600h L will combine an all new 5.0 liter [[V8]] gas engine with high-output electric motors and a newly designed &quot;large capacity&quot; [[Battery pack|battery pack]]. It will provide an estimated combined 430 [[HP|horsepower]]. As a [[Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle|SULEV-rated]] (Super Low Emissions) vehicle, the LS600h L is estimated to produce just 20 per cent of the pollution that causes smog than that of conventional V8 power plants. The vehicle will use a 2-stage [[Continuously Variable Transmission|ECVT transmission]]. <br /> <br /> Since there is inherent noise, vibration and harshness (NHV) generated by most [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] power plants, [[Lexus|Lexus]] engineers have turned their attention to this area. Their efforts were so focused on cabin quietness that they had to extensively re-engineer many of the accessory motors and switches to compensate for such quiet running.<br /> <br /> With &quot;quiet-ride&quot; ranking as one of the top reasons to purchase a luxury vehicle, the LS 600h L is poised to please even the most exacting luxury car buyer. According to [[Lexus|Lexus]], the LS 600h L has NVH levels that are about half that found in conventional cars, making the [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] LS one of the quietest automobiles ever built. <br /> <br /> When it hits North American dealers in the spring of 2007, only the long-wheelbase version will be offered. <br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600HD Energy Monitor.jpg|thumb|300px|LS 600h L Hybrid System monitoring screen]]<br /> <br /> Preliminary dimensions are available at the official [[Lexus|Lexus]] website. [http://www.[[Lexus|lexus]]-europe.com/about_[[Lexus|lexus]]/news_and_events/new_[[Lexus|lexus]]_ls600h_at_ny.asp]<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> <br /> Pricing is expected to be slightly above $100,000 USD.<br /> <br /> ==Gas Mileage==<br /> <br /> The 2008 [[Lexus]] LS 600h L [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] is expected to have a combined city/highway mileage in the low-20 mile per gallon range.<br /> <br /> ==Unique Attributes==<br /> [[Image:Lexus LS 600hl Headlight.jpg|thumb|left|200px|LED Front Headlight]]<br /> The [[Lexus|Lexus]] LS 600h L has the first [[LED Headlights|LED front headlights]] of any production vehicle. It is also speculated that the LS 600h L will also have a newly developed [[Advanced Pre-Collision System (APCS)]], a [[Lexus]] first. The APCS detects objects in its forward path such as other vehicles and even pedestrians. It will then warn the driver before making the necessary braking and steering actions to avoid a collision.<br /> <br /> The vehicle is also capable of taking the control when it's time to squeeze into that tight city parking space. A parallel-[[Park Assist|park-assist]] function parks the car at the push of a button, requiring just a little brake work from the driver.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''External Links'''<br /> <br /> *[http://www.lexus-europe.com/about_lexus/news_and_events/new_lexus_ls600h_at_ny.asp Official Site]<br /> *[http://www.GreenHybrid.com GreenHybrid.com: The interactive [[Hybrid Car hybrid]] electric vehicle resource]<br /> *[http://www.MixedPower.com [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid Cars]] and Vehicles - MixedPower.com]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=File:Hyundai-accent-hybrid.jpg&diff=14254 2006-07-21T13:51:46Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=File:Fit.jpg&diff=14250 2006-07-21T13:47:22Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Mazda_Tribute_Hybrid&diff=14221 2006-07-21T12:51:03Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div>===2008===<br /> [[Image:2008TributeIII.jpg|300px|thumb|right|©KGP Photography ]]<br /> [[Image:2008TributeII.jpg|300px|thumb|right|©KGP Photography]]<br /> [[Image:TributehybridII.jpg|right|300px]]<br /> Originally thought to be a rebadged [[Ford Escape Hybrid]] for the 2007 model year, [[Mazda]] has decided against offering a Tribute Hybrid until the next generation [[Mazda Tribute]] is offered in early to mid 2007 as a 2008 model. The Tribute will be entirely absent from Mazda's lineup for the 2007 model year. <br /> <br /> There had been a rumour that the Mariner, Escape and Tribute will use the CD3 platform, however, others speculate the new generation of compact SUVs will arrive built from a version of the CD3 platform called CD3-2. The '''CD3''' (for &quot;[[Vehicle size class|C/D-class]]&quot;) is [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'s global midsize car automobile platform. It was designed by [[Mazda]] in association with Ford and debuted with the [[Mazda6]] [[sedan]] in early 2003. Mazda refers to the CD3 platform as [[Mazda G platform#GG|GG/GY]]. The platform is designed for either [[front wheel drive|front]] or [[all-wheel drive]]. [[Ford]] remains committed to a [[Hybrid car|Hybrid powertrain]] offering on this platform. Ford insiders claim that this platform, is primarily for the North American market. Mazda already has a new SUV utilizing the CD3 platform, the [[Mazda CX-7]]. The CD3-2 platform is expected to be redesigned for the 2008 [[Mazda Mazda6]] replacement. [[Ford]] Motor Company, who own [[Land Rover]], have a higher-end compact [[SUV]] on the [[EUCD]] platform. Originally known as &quot;C1-Plus&quot;, EUCD was chosen by Ford's European operations instead of the Mazda-designed CD3 platform due to the large number of components shared with the smaller C1. Another factor was reportedly the inability of the CD3 to accept Volvo's [[inline-5]] and [[inline-6]] engines. It appears previous plans to distance the [[LR2]]'s predecessor, the [[Land Rover Freelander]] from its platform siblings, [[Ford Escape]], [[Mercury Mariner]] and [[Mazda Tribute]] have gone through. The 3.0L [[V6]] may be revised or supplemented with the 3.5L [[V6]] debuting in the [[Ford Edge]], to keep pace with other offerings in the segment. Expect the Hybrid to utilize an improved version of the Atkinson Cycle 4-cylinder powertrain and a larger permanent magnet electric traction motor. <br /> <br /> Inside, the interior is expected to get a significant upgrade with higher quality materials and revised instrument console. This should end critisisms of cheap construction and poor design.<br /> <br /> ==Pricing==<br /> Expect Mazda Tribute Hybrid pricing to be comparable to Ford Escape Hybrid pricing. This is easy to assume, noting the pricing similarities amoung the two siblings currently. Do not expect a large price increase, in spite of the number of improvements inherent in the new and improved design. The number of competitors in the marketplace will place negative pressure on any attempts of a price increase. [[Hybrid]] models will continue to be priced atop the four-cylinder and [[V6]] powered variants. Ford the Mazda Tribute Hybrid, that means pricing around the $25,000 - $30,000 range. <br /> <br /> ==External Links==<br /> * [http://www.mazdausa.com/MusaWeb/displayPage.action?pageParameter=modelsMain&amp;vehicleCode=TRB Mazda Tribute - Official Site]<br /> * [http://www.escape-central.com/ Escape Central: Escape/Mariner/Tribute Enthusiast Site]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=File:2008_malibu.jpg&diff=14217 2006-07-21T12:46:50Z

<p>Mckinneym: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Plug-in_Hybrids&diff=14198 2006-07-21T11:51:48Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>A '''plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle''' (PHEV) is a [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] which has additional battery capacity and the ability to be recharged from an external electrical outlet. In addition, modifications are made to the vehicle's control software. The vehicle can be used for short trips of moderate speed without needing the [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) component of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel costs. In this mode of operation the vehicle operates as a pure [[electric vehicle]] with a weight penalty (the ICE). The long range and additional power of the ICE power train is available when needed.<br /> <br /> PHEVs are commonly called &quot;grid-connected [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; &quot;gas-optional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; (GO-HEVs), &quot;full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; and are sometimes called HEV-30 (for instance, to denote a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] with a 30-mile (50 km) electric range, compared to a '''HEV-0''' (a non-plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]). However, Ford, GM, and Toyota have all used the term &quot;Full [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] Technology&quot; to describe configurations that allow electric-only operation at low speeds (yet not PHEVs). Two other PHEV names used by a major U.S. automotive supplier and in a 1999 SAE paper are &quot;energy [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; and &quot;true [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].&quot; PHEVs can also operate in a [[mixed-mode]] where both gas and external electricity are used simultaneously to increase gas mileage for a particular range, usually double that of its electric-only range.<br /> [[image:felix-car.jpg|thumb| Plug-in Prius, 100+ MPG]]<br /> ==Types==<br /> Some early non-production plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversions]] have been based on the version of [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] (HSD) found in the 2004+ model year [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Prius|Prius]]. Early [[Lead-acid battery|Pba]] conversions by [http://www.calcars.org CalCars] have demonstrated 10 miles (15 km) of EV-only and 20 miles (30 km) of double mileage mixed-mode range. A company planning to offer conversions to consumers named [http://www.edrivesystems.com EDrive systems] will be using [http://www.valence.com Valence] [[Lithium ion polymer battery|Li-ion]] batteries and have 35 miles (55 km) of electric range. Another company offering a plug-in module for the Toyota Prius is [http://www.hymotion.com Hymotion]. All of these systems leave the existing HSD system mostly unchanged and would be fairly simple to apply to other [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configurations. A conversion to plug-in mode involves replacing the stock [[Nickel metal hydride|NiMH]] battery with a higher capacity [[battery pack]] and an on-board AC powered charger to recharge the larger pack from mains power. Reprogramming of the system controller computer is required to encourage deep discharge of the batteries.<br /> <br /> The cost of electricity for a PHEV is about $0.03/mi ($0.019/km) &lt;!-- based on EDrives 35 mile and &lt;1$ full range --&gt; from standard household outlets. Though the [[Honda]] [[Integrated Motor Assist]] (IMA) system does not have low-speed electric-only capability, mixed-mode mileage could be greatly enhanced while displacing some of their gasoline consumption with electricity from external sources. The [[Advanced Hybrid System 2]] (AHS2) could be offered with additional battery capacity and charging capabilities as an option, costing about $3000 if offered by the manufacturer. Although the possibility is fairly remote, [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] or [[DaimlerChrysler]] could potentially effect a marketing coup by producing a markedly more versatile and fuel-efficient [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]; a PHEV.<br /> <br /> Current PHEV conversions install a higher capacity battery than common [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] like the Toyota Prius in order to extend the range. This additional cost is offset by fuel operating cost savings because just $1.00 worth of electricity from the wall (at $0.09/kW·h) will drive you the same distance as a gallon of gasoline. During the year 2006, many government and industry researchers will focus on determining what level of all-electric range is economically optimum for the design.<br /> <br /> While PHEV concepts and research have been neglected for many years by industry and government, strong interest is budding in 2006 to such a level that the architecture has even been included as an area of research in President George W. Bush's Advanced Energy Initiative. The &quot;addiction to oil&quot; mentioned in his 2006 State of the Union Address could be largely eliminated by PHEVs and this fact is the most dramatic advantage of the architecture.<br /> <br /> ==Advantages and Disadvantages==<br /> A 70-mile range HEV-70 may annually require only about 25% as much gasoline as a similarly designed HEV-0, depending on how it will be driven and the trips for which will be used. A further advantage of PHEVs is that they have potential to be even more efficient than their HEV-0 cousins because more limited use of the PHEV's internal combustion engines may allow the engine to be used at closer to its maximum efficiency. While a Prius is likely to convert fuel to motive energy on average at about 30% efficiency (well below the engine's 38% peak efficiency) the engine of a PHEV-70 would likely operate far more often near its peak efficiency because it is not needed during transient operation conditions. These architectures would be highly likely to employ a parallel [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configuration whereby mechanical engine power is allowed to transfer most efficiently directly to the wheels (when the engine is activated).<br /> <br /> Another advantage of the PHEV architecture is the synergy it offers with biofuels. It has long been understood that crop production in most countries is not sufficient to supply all of the biofuel needs of society, especially when food production is the obvious primary purpose. However, PHEVs dramatically reduce the requirement for liquid fuel to as little as 20% of an equivalent HEV-0. This produces a synergy between PHEVs and biofuels whereby extreme reductions in petroleum usage are possible. For example, [[E85]] which is composed of 85% ethanol stretches petroleum by a factor of about 2.5 today. Combining E85 as the liquid fuel with a PHEV-70 results in a petroleum stetch factor of 10 (2.5 x 4). If an HEV-0 achieves 50 mpg U.S. (4.7 L/100 km), the similar PHEV-70 would develop 500 mpgp (0.47 L/100 km) (petroleum consumption) if fueled by E85.<br /> <br /> Disadvantages include the weight and cost of a larger battery pack. The cost of a battery pack is especially relevant because with current technology battery packs are likely to need to be replaced before the car itself is replaced. Additionally, the mileage gain from a PHEV are highly dependent upon the way a vehicle is used, and the opportunities to recharge by plug. In the most extreme of circumstances a PHEV might get worse mileage than an HEV. For example, in a vehicle being used 24 hours a day for commercial purposes the larger battery capacity (as compared to an HEV) might lack any advantage, while the greater battery weight (than in a corresponding HEV) would reduce mileage. Finally, if the local source of electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, the benefits in terms of reduced CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions could be lost.<br /> <br /> ==Issues for wide-scale commercialisation==<br /> Unlike a conventional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle current PHEV implementations use the full charge cycle of its battery, which reduces the life of the battery. Mass-produced [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] electric vehicles by design avoid a complete or near complete discharge of the battery. Current PHEV implementations aren't practical on a large scale because of reduced battery life, which is not true of commercial [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].<br /> <br /> Here are the design issues and trade-offs that need to be solved together:<br /> #Battery life<br /> #Capacity to store electric energy. Affects range, acceleration, and top speed<br /> #Heat dissipation of larger capacity batteries<br /> #Weight issues with increased batteries: slower acceleration, reduced gas mileage, increased strain on system components such as brakes, etc...<br /> #Costs<br /> #Safety<br /> <br /> For example, if the current Prius were made plug-in capable its range would only be a few miles with low acceleration and low top speed.<br /> To solve this one can:<br /> #Increase the number of batteries: Adds weight but only increases range mildly.<br /> #Use the full charge/discharge of a battery: Reduces the life of the battery.<br /> #Use alternative battery technology: Currently expensive, but under heavy research. Life expectancy unknown. For [[Lithium ion battery|lithium-ion (Li-on) batteries]] Toyota reports a heat dissipation issue.[http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-cx_jf_0530flint.html]<br /> <br /> The next version of the Prius is rumored to use Li-on batteries[http://vtec.net/news/news-item?news_item_id=553701]. This Guardian article suggests it will have plug-in capability with 9 mile range[http://www.guardian.co.uk/japan/story/0,,1743808,00.html].<br /> <br /> ==Prototypes and Conversions==<br /> A number of interesting prototypes have been created, mostly at the [[UC Davis Hybrid Center]] by teams led by Prof. [[Andy Frank]], but there are no production vehicles available at this time (2006). Some independent researchers have demonstrated conversions of vehicles such as the [[Toyota Prius]], while leaving the majority of the stock [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] intact and unchanged by simply adding battery capacity and a grid charger.<br /> <br /> Motorcycle and small car manufacturer [[Suzuki]] has produced several prototype light sports cars capable of operation in this mode. The first of these used a 400&amp;nbsp;cc motorcycle engine to give a primarily electric vehicle a &quot;limp home&quot; capability. A subsequent model was more capable of general operation over a wide range of conditions and ranges.<br /> <br /> CalCars, a non-profit advocacy and technology development group in California, has converted one 2004 Prius into what it calls a &quot;PRIUS+&quot; as proof of concept. It is now working with EDrive Systems, a new Southern California company that plans to install aftermarket conversions for 2004-2006 Priuses with a target fuel efficiency of 230 mpg (1.0 L/100 km).[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]_tinkerers;_ylt=Ajsg5s42ZReOhSpJhVs7Zo0DW7oF;_ylu=X3oDMTBiMW04NW9mBHNlYwMlJVRPUCUl] And the Electric Power Research Institute of Palo Alto, along with a number of utilities and government agencies, is working with DaimlerChrysler to deliver three plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] built on the [[Mercedes Sprinter]] platform (a 15-passenger van). The Electric Auto Association is sponsoring the EAA-PHEV project, a &quot;Do-It-Yourself&quot; approach to enable those who are comfortable working with high wattage DC systems to do their own [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversion]].<br /> <br /> Hymotion, a Canadian company, introduced plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] upgrade kits in February 2006. Designed for the Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape and Mariner [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrids]], these kits will be offered to fleet buyers at first and should be available to the general public in 2007.<br /> <br /> ==Battery electric vehicle==<br /> A [[battery electric vehicle]] with a range extending trailer called [[pusher trailer]]s or [[genset trailer]]s might also be considered a plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]. About 15&amp;nbsp;kW of power is required to maintain freeway speeds in a lightweight EV. This is about one third the power output of the [[Honda Insight|Honda Insight's]] 1&amp;nbsp;L three cylinder ICE. One advantage of this configuration is that the ICE or other [[energy conversion device]] can be tuned to maximize efficiency by running at an ideal constant power level.<br /> <br /> ==Vehicle-to-grid==<br /> Another advantage of a gridable vehicle is their potential ability to load balance or help the grid during peak loads. By using excess battery capacity to send power back into the grid and then recharge during off peak using cheaper power such vehicles are actually advantageous to utilities as well as their owners. This is accomplished with what is known as V2G or [[Vehicle to Grid]] technology. Even if such vehicles just led to an increase in the use of night time electricity they would even out electricity demand (which is typically higher in the day time) and provide a greater '''return on capital''' for electricity infastructure.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.calcars.org/vehicles.html CalCars.org]<br /> * [http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/dccom/0,,0-5-7165-1-456546-1-0-0-0-0-0-243-7165-0-0-0-0-0-0-0,00.html Description of DaimlerChrysler's plug-in hybrid Sprinter van]<br /> <br /> ===News===<br /> *[http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000006&amp;sid=aB.YH1WLpQgo&amp;refer=home GM working on plug-in hybrid]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&amp;storyid=1042 Report from the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference] <br /> * [http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-hybrid-cx_jf_0530flint.html Forbes: Plug-ins aren't practical]<br /> <br /> ===After Market Conversions===<br /> * [http://www.EDriveSystems.com EDriveSystems.com] <br /> * [http://www.Hymotion.com Hymotion.com]<br /> <br /> ===Related Groups===<br /> * [http://www.eaa-phev.org Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Wiki]<br /> * [http://www.hybridconsortium.org HybridConsortium.org]<br /> * [http://www.pluginpartners.com PlugInPartners.com ]<br /> * [http://www.SecureEnergy.org Oil Crisis Executive Simulation]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) Hybrids]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Plug-in_Hybrids&diff=14197 2006-07-21T11:50:29Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>A '''plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle''' (PHEV) is a [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] which has additional battery capacity and the ability to be recharged from an external electrical outlet. In addition, modifications are made to the vehicle's control software. The vehicle can be used for short trips of moderate speed without needing the [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) component of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel costs. In this mode of operation the vehicle operates as a pure [[electric vehicle]] with a weight penalty (the ICE). The long range and additional power of the ICE power train is available when needed.<br /> <br /> PHEVs are commonly called &quot;grid-connected [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; &quot;gas-optional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; (GO-HEVs), &quot;full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; and are sometimes called HEV-30 (for instance, to denote a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] with a 30-mile (50 km) electric range, compared to a '''HEV-0''' (a non-plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]). However, Ford, GM, and Toyota have all used the term &quot;Full [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] Technology&quot; to describe configurations that allow electric-only operation at low speeds (yet not PHEVs). Two other PHEV names used by a major U.S. automotive supplier and in a 1999 SAE paper are &quot;energy [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; and &quot;true [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].&quot; PHEVs can also operate in a [[mixed-mode]] where both gas and external electricity are used simultaneously to increase gas mileage for a particular range, usually double that of its electric-only range.<br /> [[image:felix-car.jpg|thumb| Plug-in Prius, 100+ MPG]]<br /> ==Types==<br /> Some early non-production plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversions]] have been based on the version of [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] (HSD) found in the 2004+ model year [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Prius|Prius]]. Early [[Lead-acid battery|Pba]] conversions by [http://www.calcars.org CalCars] have demonstrated 10 miles (15 km) of EV-only and 20 miles (30 km) of double mileage mixed-mode range. A company planning to offer conversions to consumers named [http://www.edrivesystems.com EDrive systems] will be using [http://www.valence.com Valence] [[Lithium ion polymer battery|Li-ion]] batteries and have 35 miles (55 km) of electric range. Another company offering a plug-in module for the Toyota Prius is [http://www.hymotion.com Hymotion]. All of these systems leave the existing HSD system mostly unchanged and would be fairly simple to apply to other [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configurations. A conversion to plug-in mode involves replacing the stock [[Nickel metal hydride|NiMH]] battery with a higher capacity [[battery pack]] and an on-board AC powered charger to recharge the larger pack from mains power. Reprogramming of the system controller computer is required to encourage deep discharge of the batteries.<br /> <br /> The cost of electricity for a PHEV is about $0.03/mi ($0.019/km) &lt;!-- based on EDrives 35 mile and &lt;1$ full range --&gt; from standard household outlets. Though the [[Honda]] [[Integrated Motor Assist]] (IMA) system does not have low-speed electric-only capability, mixed-mode mileage could be greatly enhanced while displacing some of their gasoline consumption with electricity from external sources. The [[Advanced Hybrid System 2]] (AHS2) could be offered with additional battery capacity and charging capabilities as an option, costing about $3000 if offered by the manufacturer. Although the possibility is fairly remote, [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] or [[DaimlerChrysler]] could potentially effect a marketing coup by producing a markedly more versatile and fuel-efficient [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]; a PHEV.<br /> <br /> Current PHEV conversions install a higher capacity battery than common [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] like the Toyota Prius in order to extend the range. This additional cost is offset by fuel operating cost savings because just $1.00 worth of electricity from the wall (at $0.09/kW·h) will drive you the same distance as a gallon of gasoline. During the year 2006, many government and industry researchers will focus on determining what level of all-electric range is economically optimum for the design.<br /> <br /> While PHEV concepts and research have been neglected for many years by industry and government, strong interest is budding in 2006 to such a level that the architecture has even been included as an area of research in President George W. Bush's Advanced Energy Initiative. The &quot;addiction to oil&quot; mentioned in his 2006 State of the Union Address could be largely eliminated by PHEVs and this fact is the most dramatic advantage of the architecture.<br /> <br /> ==Advantages and Disadvantages==<br /> A 70-mile range HEV-70 may annually require only about 25% as much gasoline as a similarly designed HEV-0, depending on how it will be driven and the trips for which will be used. A further advantage of PHEVs is that they have potential to be even more efficient than their HEV-0 cousins because more limited use of the PHEV's internal combustion engines may allow the engine to be used at closer to its maximum efficiency. While a Prius is likely to convert fuel to motive energy on average at about 30% efficiency (well below the engine's 38% peak efficiency) the engine of a PHEV-70 would likely operate far more often near its peak efficiency because it is not needed during transient operation conditions. These architectures would be highly likely to employ a parallel [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configuration whereby mechanical engine power is allowed to transfer most efficiently directly to the wheels (when the engine is activated).<br /> <br /> Another advantage of the PHEV architecture is the synergy it offers with biofuels. It has long been understood that crop production in most countries is not sufficient to supply all of the biofuel needs of society, especially when food production is the obvious primary purpose. However, PHEVs dramatically reduce the requirement for liquid fuel to as little as 20% of an equivalent HEV-0. This produces a synergy between PHEVs and biofuels whereby extreme reductions in petroleum usage are possible. For example, [[E85]] which is composed of 85% ethanol stretches petroleum by a factor of about 2.5 today. Combining E85 as the liquid fuel with a PHEV-70 results in a petroleum stetch factor of 10 (2.5 x 4). If an HEV-0 achieves 50 mpg U.S. (4.7 L/100 km), the similar PHEV-70 would develop 500 mpgp (0.47 L/100 km) (petroleum consumption) if fueled by E85.<br /> <br /> Disadvantages include the weight and cost of a larger battery pack. The cost of a battery pack is especially relevant because with current technology battery packs are likely to need to be replaced before the car itself is replaced. Additionally, the mileage gain from a PHEV are highly dependent upon the way a vehicle is used, and the opportunities to recharge by plug. In the most extreme of circumstances a PHEV might get worse mileage than an HEV. For example, in a vehicle being used 24 hours a day for commercial purposes the larger battery capacity (as compared to an HEV) might lack any advantage, while the greater battery weight (than in a corresponding HEV) would reduce mileage. Finally, if the local source of electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, the benefits in terms of reduced CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions could be lost.<br /> <br /> ==Issues for wide-scale commercialisation==<br /> Unlike a conventional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle current PHEV implementations use the full charge cycle of its battery, which reduces the life of the battery. Mass-produced [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] electric vehicles by design avoid a complete or near complete discharge of the battery. Current PHEV implementations aren't practical on a large scale because of reduced battery life, which is not true of commercial [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].<br /> <br /> Here are the design issues and trade-offs that need to be solved together:<br /> #Battery life<br /> #Capacity to store electric energy. Affects range, acceleration, and top speed<br /> #Heat dissipation of larger capacity batteries<br /> #Weight issues with increased batteries: slower acceleration, reduced gas mileage, increased strain on system components such as brakes, etc...<br /> #Costs<br /> #Safety<br /> <br /> For example, if the current Prius were made plug-in capable its range would only be a few miles with low acceleration and low top speed.<br /> To solve this one can:<br /> #Increase the number of batteries: Adds weight but only increases range mildly.<br /> #Use the full charge/discharge of a battery: Reduces the life of the battery.<br /> #Use alternative battery technology: Currently expensive, but under heavy research. Life expectancy unknown. For [[Lithium ion battery|lithium-ion (Li-on) batteries]] Toyota reports a heat dissipation issue.[http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-cx_jf_0530flint.html]<br /> <br /> The next version of the Prius is rumored to use Li-on batteries[http://vtec.net/news/news-item?news_item_id=553701]. This Guardian article suggests it will have plug-in capability with 9 mile range[http://www.guardian.co.uk/japan/story/0,,1743808,00.html].<br /> <br /> ==Prototypes and Conversions==<br /> A number of interesting prototypes have been created, mostly at the [[UC Davis Hybrid Center]] by teams led by Prof. [[Andy Frank]], but there are no production vehicles available at this time (2006). Some independent researchers have demonstrated conversions of vehicles such as the [[Toyota Prius]], while leaving the majority of the stock [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] intact and unchanged by simply adding battery capacity and a grid charger.<br /> <br /> Motorcycle and small car manufacturer [[Suzuki]] has produced several prototype light sports cars capable of operation in this mode. The first of these used a 400&amp;nbsp;cc motorcycle engine to give a primarily electric vehicle a &quot;limp home&quot; capability. A subsequent model was more capable of general operation over a wide range of conditions and ranges.<br /> <br /> CalCars, a non-profit advocacy and technology development group in California, has converted one 2004 Prius into what it calls a &quot;PRIUS+&quot; as proof of concept. It is now working with EDrive Systems, a new Southern California company that plans to install aftermarket conversions for 2004-2006 Priuses with a target fuel efficiency of 230 mpg (1.0 L/100 km).[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]_tinkerers;_ylt=Ajsg5s42ZReOhSpJhVs7Zo0DW7oF;_ylu=X3oDMTBiMW04NW9mBHNlYwMlJVRPUCUl] And the Electric Power Research Institute of Palo Alto, along with a number of utilities and government agencies, is working with DaimlerChrysler to deliver three plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] built on the [[Mercedes Sprinter]] platform (a 15-passenger van). The Electric Auto Association is sponsoring the EAA-PHEV project, a &quot;Do-It-Yourself&quot; approach to enable those who are comfortable working with high wattage DC systems to do their own [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversion]].<br /> <br /> Hymotion, a Canadian company, introduced plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] upgrade kits in February 2006. Designed for the Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape and Mariner [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrids]], these kits will be offered to fleet buyers at first and should be available to the general public in 2007.<br /> <br /> ==Battery electric vehicle==<br /> A [[battery electric vehicle]] with a range extending trailer called [[pusher trailer]]s or [[genset trailer]]s might also be considered a plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]. About 15&amp;nbsp;kW of power is required to maintain freeway speeds in a lightweight EV. This is about one third the power output of the [[Honda Insight|Honda Insight's]] 1&amp;nbsp;L three cylinder ICE. One advantage of this configuration is that the ICE or other [[energy conversion device]] can be tuned to maximize efficiency by running at an ideal constant power level.<br /> <br /> ==Vehicle-to-grid==<br /> Another advantage of a gridable vehicle is their potential ability to load balance or help the grid during peak loads. By using excess battery capacity to send power back into the grid and then recharge during off peak using cheaper power such vehicles are actually advantageous to utilities as well as their owners. This is accomplished with what is known as V2G or [[Vehicle to Grid]] technology. Even if such vehicles just led to an increase in the use of night time electricity they would even out electricity demand (which is typically higher in the day time) and provide a greater '''return on capital''' for electricity infastructure.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.calcars.org/vehicles.html CalCars.org]<br /> * [http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/dccom/0,,0-5-7165-1-456546-1-0-0-0-0-0-243-7165-0-0-0-0-0-0-0,00.html Description of DaimlerChrysler's plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Sprinter van]<br /> <br /> ===News===<br /> *[http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000006&amp;sid=aB.YH1WLpQgo&amp;refer=home GM working on plug-in hybrid]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&amp;storyid=1042 Report from the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference] <br /> * [http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-hybrid-cx_jf_0530flint.html Forbes: Plug-ins aren't practical]<br /> <br /> ===After Market Conversions===<br /> * [http://www.EDriveSystems.com EDriveSystems.com] <br /> * [http://www.Hymotion.com Hymotion.com]<br /> <br /> ===Related Groups===<br /> * [http://www.eaa-phev.org Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Wiki]<br /> * [http://www.hybridconsortium.org HybridConsortium.org]<br /> * [http://www.pluginpartners.com PlugInPartners.com ]<br /> * [http://www.SecureEnergy.org Oil Crisis Executive Simulation]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) Hybrids]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Plug-in_Hybrids&diff=14196 2006-07-21T11:47:33Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Related Groups */</p> <hr /> <div>A '''plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle''' (PHEV) is a [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] which has additional battery capacity and the ability to be recharged from an external electrical outlet. In addition, modifications are made to the vehicle's control software. The vehicle can be used for short trips of moderate speed without needing the [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) component of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel costs. In this mode of operation the vehicle operates as a pure [[electric vehicle]] with a weight penalty (the ICE). The long range and additional power of the ICE power train is available when needed.<br /> <br /> PHEVs are commonly called &quot;grid-connected [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; &quot;gas-optional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; (GO-HEVs), &quot;full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; and are sometimes called HEV-30 (for instance, to denote a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] with a 30-mile (50 km) electric range, compared to a '''HEV-0''' (a non-plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]). However, Ford, GM, and Toyota have all used the term &quot;Full [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] Technology&quot; to describe configurations that allow electric-only operation at low speeds (yet not PHEVs). Two other PHEV names used by a major U.S. automotive supplier and in a 1999 SAE paper are &quot;energy [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; and &quot;true [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].&quot; PHEVs can also operate in a [[mixed-mode]] where both gas and external electricity are used simultaneously to increase gas mileage for a particular range, usually double that of its electric-only range.<br /> [[image:felix-car.jpg|thumb| Plug-in Prius, 100+ MPG]]<br /> ==Types==<br /> Some early non-production plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversions]] have been based on the version of [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] (HSD) found in the 2004+ model year [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Prius|Prius]]. Early [[Lead-acid battery|Pba]] conversions by [http://www.calcars.org CalCars] have demonstrated 10 miles (15 km) of EV-only and 20 miles (30 km) of double mileage mixed-mode range. A company planning to offer conversions to consumers named [http://www.edrivesystems.com EDrive systems] will be using [http://www.valence.com Valence] [[Lithium ion polymer battery|Li-ion]] batteries and have 35 miles (55 km) of electric range. Another company offering a plug-in module for the Toyota Prius is [http://www.hymotion.com Hymotion]. All of these systems leave the existing HSD system mostly unchanged and would be fairly simple to apply to other [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configurations. A conversion to plug-in mode involves replacing the stock [[Nickel metal hydride|NiMH]] battery with a higher capacity [[battery pack]] and an on-board AC powered charger to recharge the larger pack from mains power. Reprogramming of the system controller computer is required to encourage deep discharge of the batteries.<br /> <br /> The cost of electricity for a PHEV is about $0.03/mi ($0.019/km) &lt;!-- based on EDrives 35 mile and &lt;1$ full range --&gt; from standard household outlets. Though the [[Honda]] [[Integrated Motor Assist]] (IMA) system does not have low-speed electric-only capability, mixed-mode mileage could be greatly enhanced while displacing some of their gasoline consumption with electricity from external sources. The [[Advanced Hybrid System 2]] (AHS2) could be offered with additional battery capacity and charging capabilities as an option, costing about $3000 if offered by the manufacturer. Although the possibility is fairly remote, [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] or [[DaimlerChrysler]] could potentially effect a marketing coup by producing a markedly more versatile and fuel-efficient [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]; a PHEV.<br /> <br /> Current PHEV conversions install a higher capacity battery than common [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] like the Toyota Prius in order to extend the range. This additional cost is offset by fuel operating cost savings because just $1.00 worth of electricity from the wall (at $0.09/kW·h) will drive you the same distance as a gallon of gasoline. During the year 2006, many government and industry researchers will focus on determining what level of all-electric range is economically optimum for the design.<br /> <br /> While PHEV concepts and research have been neglected for many years by industry and government, strong interest is budding in 2006 to such a level that the architecture has even been included as an area of research in President George W. Bush's Advanced Energy Initiative. The &quot;addiction to oil&quot; mentioned in his 2006 State of the Union Address could be largely eliminated by PHEVs and this fact is the most dramatic advantage of the architecture.<br /> <br /> ==Advantages and Disadvantages==<br /> A 70-mile range HEV-70 may annually require only about 25% as much gasoline as a similarly designed HEV-0, depending on how it will be driven and the trips for which will be used. A further advantage of PHEVs is that they have potential to be even more efficient than their HEV-0 cousins because more limited use of the PHEV's internal combustion engines may allow the engine to be used at closer to its maximum efficiency. While a Prius is likely to convert fuel to motive energy on average at about 30% efficiency (well below the engine's 38% peak efficiency) the engine of a PHEV-70 would likely operate far more often near its peak efficiency because it is not needed during transient operation conditions. These architectures would be highly likely to employ a parallel [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configuration whereby mechanical engine power is allowed to transfer most efficiently directly to the wheels (when the engine is activated).<br /> <br /> Another advantage of the PHEV architecture is the synergy it offers with biofuels. It has long been understood that crop production in most countries is not sufficient to supply all of the biofuel needs of society, especially when food production is the obvious primary purpose. However, PHEVs dramatically reduce the requirement for liquid fuel to as little as 20% of an equivalent HEV-0. This produces a synergy between PHEVs and biofuels whereby extreme reductions in petroleum usage are possible. For example, [[E85]] which is composed of 85% ethanol stretches petroleum by a factor of about 2.5 today. Combining E85 as the liquid fuel with a PHEV-70 results in a petroleum stetch factor of 10 (2.5 x 4). If an HEV-0 achieves 50 mpg U.S. (4.7 L/100 km), the similar PHEV-70 would develop 500 mpgp (0.47 L/100 km) (petroleum consumption) if fueled by E85.<br /> <br /> Disadvantages include the weight and cost of a larger battery pack. The cost of a battery pack is especially relevant because with current technology battery packs are likely to need to be replaced before the car itself is replaced. Additionally, the mileage gain from a PHEV are highly dependent upon the way a vehicle is used, and the opportunities to recharge by plug. In the most extreme of circumstances a PHEV might get worse mileage than an HEV. For example, in a vehicle being used 24 hours a day for commercial purposes the larger battery capacity (as compared to an HEV) might lack any advantage, while the greater battery weight (than in a corresponding HEV) would reduce mileage. Finally, if the local source of electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, the benefits in terms of reduced CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions could be lost.<br /> <br /> ==Issues for wide-scale commercialisation==<br /> Unlike a conventional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle current PHEV implementations use the full charge cycle of its battery, which reduces the life of the battery. Mass-produced [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] electric vehicles by design avoid a complete or near complete discharge of the battery. Current PHEV implementations aren't practical on a large scale because of reduced battery life, which is not true of commercial [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].<br /> <br /> Here are the design issues and trade-offs that need to be solved together:<br /> #Battery life<br /> #Capacity to store electric energy. Affects range, acceleration, and top speed<br /> #Heat dissipation of larger capacity batteries<br /> #Weight issues with increased batteries: slower acceleration, reduced gas mileage, increased strain on system components such as brakes, etc...<br /> #Costs<br /> #Safety<br /> <br /> For example, if the current Prius were made plug-in capable its range would only be a few miles with low acceleration and low top speed.<br /> To solve this one can:<br /> #Increase the number of batteries: Adds weight but only increases range mildly.<br /> #Use the full charge/discharge of a battery: Reduces the life of the battery.<br /> #Use alternative battery technology: Currently expensive, but under heavy research. Life expectancy unknown. For [[Lithium ion battery|lithium-ion (Li-on) batteries]] Toyota reports a heat dissipation issue.[http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-cx_jf_0530flint.html]<br /> <br /> The next version of the Prius is rumored to use Li-on batteries[http://vtec.net/news/news-item?news_item_id=553701]. This Guardian article suggests it will have plug-in capability with 9 mile range[http://www.guardian.co.uk/japan/story/0,,1743808,00.html].<br /> <br /> ==Prototypes and Conversions==<br /> A number of interesting prototypes have been created, mostly at the [[UC Davis Hybrid Center]] by teams led by Prof. [[Andy Frank]], but there are no production vehicles available at this time (2006). Some independent researchers have demonstrated conversions of vehicles such as the [[Toyota Prius]], while leaving the majority of the stock [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] intact and unchanged by simply adding battery capacity and a grid charger.<br /> <br /> Motorcycle and small car manufacturer [[Suzuki]] has produced several prototype light sports cars capable of operation in this mode. The first of these used a 400&amp;nbsp;cc motorcycle engine to give a primarily electric vehicle a &quot;limp home&quot; capability. A subsequent model was more capable of general operation over a wide range of conditions and ranges.<br /> <br /> CalCars, a non-profit advocacy and technology development group in California, has converted one 2004 Prius into what it calls a &quot;PRIUS+&quot; as proof of concept. It is now working with EDrive Systems, a new Southern California company that plans to install aftermarket conversions for 2004-2006 Priuses with a target fuel efficiency of 230 mpg (1.0 L/100 km).[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]_tinkerers;_ylt=Ajsg5s42ZReOhSpJhVs7Zo0DW7oF;_ylu=X3oDMTBiMW04NW9mBHNlYwMlJVRPUCUl] And the Electric Power Research Institute of Palo Alto, along with a number of utilities and government agencies, is working with DaimlerChrysler to deliver three plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] built on the [[Mercedes Sprinter]] platform (a 15-passenger van). The Electric Auto Association is sponsoring the EAA-PHEV project, a &quot;Do-It-Yourself&quot; approach to enable those who are comfortable working with high wattage DC systems to do their own [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversion]].<br /> <br /> Hymotion, a Canadian company, introduced plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] upgrade kits in February 2006. Designed for the Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape and Mariner [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrids]], these kits will be offered to fleet buyers at first and should be available to the general public in 2007.<br /> <br /> ==Battery electric vehicle==<br /> A [[battery electric vehicle]] with a range extending trailer called [[pusher trailer]]s or [[genset trailer]]s might also be considered a plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]. About 15&amp;nbsp;kW of power is required to maintain freeway speeds in a lightweight EV. This is about one third the power output of the [[Honda Insight|Honda Insight's]] 1&amp;nbsp;L three cylinder ICE. One advantage of this configuration is that the ICE or other [[energy conversion device]] can be tuned to maximize efficiency by running at an ideal constant power level.<br /> <br /> ==Vehicle-to-grid==<br /> Another advantage of a gridable vehicle is their potential ability to load balance or help the grid during peak loads. By using excess battery capacity to send power back into the grid and then recharge during off peak using cheaper power such vehicles are actually advantageous to utilities as well as their owners. This is accomplished with what is known as V2G or [[Vehicle to Grid]] technology. Even if such vehicles just led to an increase in the use of night time electricity they would even out electricity demand (which is typically higher in the day time) and provide a greater '''return on capital''' for electricity infastructure.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.calcars.org/vehicles.html CalCars.org]<br /> ** http://groups.yahoo.com/group/calcars-news<br /> ** [http://www.priusplus.org Prius+: Info on converting Prius to plug in]<br /> *** http://groups.yahoo.com/group/priusplus<br /> * [http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/dccom/0,,0-5-7165-1-456546-1-0-0-0-0-0-243-7165-0-0-0-0-0-0-0,00.html Description of DaimlerChrysler's plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Sprinter van]<br /> <br /> ===News===<br /> *[http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000006&amp;sid=aB.YH1WLpQgo&amp;refer=home GM working on plug-in hybrid]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&amp;storyid=1042 Report from the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference] <br /> * [http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-hybrid-cx_jf_0530flint.html Forbes: Plug-ins aren't practical]<br /> <br /> ===After Market Conversions===<br /> * [http://www.EDriveSystems.com EDriveSystems.com] <br /> * [http://www.Hymotion.com Hymotion.com]<br /> <br /> ===Related Groups===<br /> * [http://www.eaa-phev.org Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Wiki]<br /> * [http://www.hybridconsortium.org HybridConsortium.org]<br /> * [http://www.pluginpartners.com PlugInPartners.com ]<br /> * [http://www.SecureEnergy.org Oil Crisis Executive Simulation]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) Hybrids]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Plug-in_Hybrids&diff=14195 2006-07-21T11:34:07Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* Related Groups */</p> <hr /> <div>A '''plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle''' (PHEV) is a [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] which has additional battery capacity and the ability to be recharged from an external electrical outlet. In addition, modifications are made to the vehicle's control software. The vehicle can be used for short trips of moderate speed without needing the [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) component of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel costs. In this mode of operation the vehicle operates as a pure [[electric vehicle]] with a weight penalty (the ICE). The long range and additional power of the ICE power train is available when needed.<br /> <br /> PHEVs are commonly called &quot;grid-connected [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; &quot;gas-optional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; (GO-HEVs), &quot;full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; and are sometimes called HEV-30 (for instance, to denote a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] with a 30-mile (50 km) electric range, compared to a '''HEV-0''' (a non-plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]). However, Ford, GM, and Toyota have all used the term &quot;Full [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] Technology&quot; to describe configurations that allow electric-only operation at low speeds (yet not PHEVs). Two other PHEV names used by a major U.S. automotive supplier and in a 1999 SAE paper are &quot;energy [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; and &quot;true [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].&quot; PHEVs can also operate in a [[mixed-mode]] where both gas and external electricity are used simultaneously to increase gas mileage for a particular range, usually double that of its electric-only range.<br /> [[image:felix-car.jpg|thumb| Plug-in Prius, 100+ MPG]]<br /> ==Types==<br /> Some early non-production plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversions]] have been based on the version of [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] (HSD) found in the 2004+ model year [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Prius|Prius]]. Early [[Lead-acid battery|Pba]] conversions by [http://www.calcars.org CalCars] have demonstrated 10 miles (15 km) of EV-only and 20 miles (30 km) of double mileage mixed-mode range. A company planning to offer conversions to consumers named [http://www.edrivesystems.com EDrive systems] will be using [http://www.valence.com Valence] [[Lithium ion polymer battery|Li-ion]] batteries and have 35 miles (55 km) of electric range. Another company offering a plug-in module for the Toyota Prius is [http://www.hymotion.com Hymotion]. All of these systems leave the existing HSD system mostly unchanged and would be fairly simple to apply to other [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configurations. A conversion to plug-in mode involves replacing the stock [[Nickel metal hydride|NiMH]] battery with a higher capacity [[battery pack]] and an on-board AC powered charger to recharge the larger pack from mains power. Reprogramming of the system controller computer is required to encourage deep discharge of the batteries.<br /> <br /> The cost of electricity for a PHEV is about $0.03/mi ($0.019/km) &lt;!-- based on EDrives 35 mile and &lt;1$ full range --&gt; from standard household outlets. Though the [[Honda]] [[Integrated Motor Assist]] (IMA) system does not have low-speed electric-only capability, mixed-mode mileage could be greatly enhanced while displacing some of their gasoline consumption with electricity from external sources. The [[Advanced Hybrid System 2]] (AHS2) could be offered with additional battery capacity and charging capabilities as an option, costing about $3000 if offered by the manufacturer. Although the possibility is fairly remote, [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] or [[DaimlerChrysler]] could potentially effect a marketing coup by producing a markedly more versatile and fuel-efficient [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]; a PHEV.<br /> <br /> Current PHEV conversions install a higher capacity battery than common [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] like the Toyota Prius in order to extend the range. This additional cost is offset by fuel operating cost savings because just $1.00 worth of electricity from the wall (at $0.09/kW·h) will drive you the same distance as a gallon of gasoline. During the year 2006, many government and industry researchers will focus on determining what level of all-electric range is economically optimum for the design.<br /> <br /> While PHEV concepts and research have been neglected for many years by industry and government, strong interest is budding in 2006 to such a level that the architecture has even been included as an area of research in President George W. Bush's Advanced Energy Initiative. The &quot;addiction to oil&quot; mentioned in his 2006 State of the Union Address could be largely eliminated by PHEVs and this fact is the most dramatic advantage of the architecture.<br /> <br /> ==Advantages and Disadvantages==<br /> A 70-mile range HEV-70 may annually require only about 25% as much gasoline as a similarly designed HEV-0, depending on how it will be driven and the trips for which will be used. A further advantage of PHEVs is that they have potential to be even more efficient than their HEV-0 cousins because more limited use of the PHEV's internal combustion engines may allow the engine to be used at closer to its maximum efficiency. While a Prius is likely to convert fuel to motive energy on average at about 30% efficiency (well below the engine's 38% peak efficiency) the engine of a PHEV-70 would likely operate far more often near its peak efficiency because it is not needed during transient operation conditions. These architectures would be highly likely to employ a parallel [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configuration whereby mechanical engine power is allowed to transfer most efficiently directly to the wheels (when the engine is activated).<br /> <br /> Another advantage of the PHEV architecture is the synergy it offers with biofuels. It has long been understood that crop production in most countries is not sufficient to supply all of the biofuel needs of society, especially when food production is the obvious primary purpose. However, PHEVs dramatically reduce the requirement for liquid fuel to as little as 20% of an equivalent HEV-0. This produces a synergy between PHEVs and biofuels whereby extreme reductions in petroleum usage are possible. For example, [[E85]] which is composed of 85% ethanol stretches petroleum by a factor of about 2.5 today. Combining E85 as the liquid fuel with a PHEV-70 results in a petroleum stetch factor of 10 (2.5 x 4). If an HEV-0 achieves 50 mpg U.S. (4.7 L/100 km), the similar PHEV-70 would develop 500 mpgp (0.47 L/100 km) (petroleum consumption) if fueled by E85.<br /> <br /> Disadvantages include the weight and cost of a larger battery pack. The cost of a battery pack is especially relevant because with current technology battery packs are likely to need to be replaced before the car itself is replaced. Additionally, the mileage gain from a PHEV are highly dependent upon the way a vehicle is used, and the opportunities to recharge by plug. In the most extreme of circumstances a PHEV might get worse mileage than an HEV. For example, in a vehicle being used 24 hours a day for commercial purposes the larger battery capacity (as compared to an HEV) might lack any advantage, while the greater battery weight (than in a corresponding HEV) would reduce mileage. Finally, if the local source of electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, the benefits in terms of reduced CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions could be lost.<br /> <br /> ==Issues for wide-scale commercialisation==<br /> Unlike a conventional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle current PHEV implementations use the full charge cycle of its battery, which reduces the life of the battery. Mass-produced [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] electric vehicles by design avoid a complete or near complete discharge of the battery. Current PHEV implementations aren't practical on a large scale because of reduced battery life, which is not true of commercial [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].<br /> <br /> Here are the design issues and trade-offs that need to be solved together:<br /> #Battery life<br /> #Capacity to store electric energy. Affects range, acceleration, and top speed<br /> #Heat dissipation of larger capacity batteries<br /> #Weight issues with increased batteries: slower acceleration, reduced gas mileage, increased strain on system components such as brakes, etc...<br /> #Costs<br /> #Safety<br /> <br /> For example, if the current Prius were made plug-in capable its range would only be a few miles with low acceleration and low top speed.<br /> To solve this one can:<br /> #Increase the number of batteries: Adds weight but only increases range mildly.<br /> #Use the full charge/discharge of a battery: Reduces the life of the battery.<br /> #Use alternative battery technology: Currently expensive, but under heavy research. Life expectancy unknown. For [[Lithium ion battery|lithium-ion (Li-on) batteries]] Toyota reports a heat dissipation issue.[http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-cx_jf_0530flint.html]<br /> <br /> The next version of the Prius is rumored to use Li-on batteries[http://vtec.net/news/news-item?news_item_id=553701]. This Guardian article suggests it will have plug-in capability with 9 mile range[http://www.guardian.co.uk/japan/story/0,,1743808,00.html].<br /> <br /> ==Prototypes and Conversions==<br /> A number of interesting prototypes have been created, mostly at the [[UC Davis Hybrid Center]] by teams led by Prof. [[Andy Frank]], but there are no production vehicles available at this time (2006). Some independent researchers have demonstrated conversions of vehicles such as the [[Toyota Prius]], while leaving the majority of the stock [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] intact and unchanged by simply adding battery capacity and a grid charger.<br /> <br /> Motorcycle and small car manufacturer [[Suzuki]] has produced several prototype light sports cars capable of operation in this mode. The first of these used a 400&amp;nbsp;cc motorcycle engine to give a primarily electric vehicle a &quot;limp home&quot; capability. A subsequent model was more capable of general operation over a wide range of conditions and ranges.<br /> <br /> CalCars, a non-profit advocacy and technology development group in California, has converted one 2004 Prius into what it calls a &quot;PRIUS+&quot; as proof of concept. It is now working with EDrive Systems, a new Southern California company that plans to install aftermarket conversions for 2004-2006 Priuses with a target fuel efficiency of 230 mpg (1.0 L/100 km).[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]_tinkerers;_ylt=Ajsg5s42ZReOhSpJhVs7Zo0DW7oF;_ylu=X3oDMTBiMW04NW9mBHNlYwMlJVRPUCUl] And the Electric Power Research Institute of Palo Alto, along with a number of utilities and government agencies, is working with DaimlerChrysler to deliver three plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] built on the [[Mercedes Sprinter]] platform (a 15-passenger van). The Electric Auto Association is sponsoring the EAA-PHEV project, a &quot;Do-It-Yourself&quot; approach to enable those who are comfortable working with high wattage DC systems to do their own [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversion]].<br /> <br /> Hymotion, a Canadian company, introduced plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] upgrade kits in February 2006. Designed for the Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape and Mariner [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrids]], these kits will be offered to fleet buyers at first and should be available to the general public in 2007.<br /> <br /> ==Battery electric vehicle==<br /> A [[battery electric vehicle]] with a range extending trailer called [[pusher trailer]]s or [[genset trailer]]s might also be considered a plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]. About 15&amp;nbsp;kW of power is required to maintain freeway speeds in a lightweight EV. This is about one third the power output of the [[Honda Insight|Honda Insight's]] 1&amp;nbsp;L three cylinder ICE. One advantage of this configuration is that the ICE or other [[energy conversion device]] can be tuned to maximize efficiency by running at an ideal constant power level.<br /> <br /> ==Vehicle-to-grid==<br /> Another advantage of a gridable vehicle is their potential ability to load balance or help the grid during peak loads. By using excess battery capacity to send power back into the grid and then recharge during off peak using cheaper power such vehicles are actually advantageous to utilities as well as their owners. This is accomplished with what is known as V2G or [[Vehicle to Grid]] technology. Even if such vehicles just led to an increase in the use of night time electricity they would even out electricity demand (which is typically higher in the day time) and provide a greater '''return on capital''' for electricity infastructure.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.calcars.org/vehicles.html CalCars.org]<br /> ** http://groups.yahoo.com/group/calcars-news<br /> ** [http://www.priusplus.org Prius+: Info on converting Prius to plug in]<br /> *** http://groups.yahoo.com/group/priusplus<br /> * [http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/dccom/0,,0-5-7165-1-456546-1-0-0-0-0-0-243-7165-0-0-0-0-0-0-0,00.html Description of DaimlerChrysler's plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Sprinter van]<br /> <br /> ===News===<br /> *[http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000006&amp;sid=aB.YH1WLpQgo&amp;refer=home GM working on plug-in hybrid]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&amp;storyid=1042 Report from the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference] <br /> * [http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-hybrid-cx_jf_0530flint.html Forbes: Plug-ins aren't practical]<br /> <br /> ===After Market Conversions===<br /> * [http://www.EDriveSystems.com EDriveSystems.com] <br /> * [http://www.Hymotion.com Hymotion.com]<br /> <br /> ===Related Groups===<br /> * [http://www.eaa-phev.org Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Wiki]<br /> * [http://www.hybridconsortium.org HybridConsortium.org]<br /> * [http://www.pluginpartners.com PlugInPartners.com ]<br /> * [http://www.SecureEnergy.org — Oil Crisis Simulations lead to PHEVs]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) Hybrids]</div>

Mckinneym https://wikicars.org/index.php?title=Plug-in_Hybrids&diff=14194 2006-07-21T11:33:31Z

<p>Mckinneym: /* After Market Conversions */</p> <hr /> <div>A '''plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle''' (PHEV) is a [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] which has additional battery capacity and the ability to be recharged from an external electrical outlet. In addition, modifications are made to the vehicle's control software. The vehicle can be used for short trips of moderate speed without needing the [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) component of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel costs. In this mode of operation the vehicle operates as a pure [[electric vehicle]] with a weight penalty (the ICE). The long range and additional power of the ICE power train is available when needed.<br /> <br /> PHEVs are commonly called &quot;grid-connected [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; &quot;gas-optional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; (GO-HEVs), &quot;full [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]],&quot; and are sometimes called HEV-30 (for instance, to denote a [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] with a 30-mile (50 km) electric range, compared to a '''HEV-0''' (a non-plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]). However, Ford, GM, and Toyota have all used the term &quot;Full [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] Technology&quot; to describe configurations that allow electric-only operation at low speeds (yet not PHEVs). Two other PHEV names used by a major U.S. automotive supplier and in a 1999 SAE paper are &quot;energy [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]]&quot; and &quot;true [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].&quot; PHEVs can also operate in a [[mixed-mode]] where both gas and external electricity are used simultaneously to increase gas mileage for a particular range, usually double that of its electric-only range.<br /> [[image:felix-car.jpg|thumb| Plug-in Prius, 100+ MPG]]<br /> ==Types==<br /> Some early non-production plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversions]] have been based on the version of [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] (HSD) found in the 2004+ model year [[Toyota]] [[Toyota Prius|Prius]]. Early [[Lead-acid battery|Pba]] conversions by [http://www.calcars.org CalCars] have demonstrated 10 miles (15 km) of EV-only and 20 miles (30 km) of double mileage mixed-mode range. A company planning to offer conversions to consumers named [http://www.edrivesystems.com EDrive systems] will be using [http://www.valence.com Valence] [[Lithium ion polymer battery|Li-ion]] batteries and have 35 miles (55 km) of electric range. Another company offering a plug-in module for the Toyota Prius is [http://www.hymotion.com Hymotion]. All of these systems leave the existing HSD system mostly unchanged and would be fairly simple to apply to other [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configurations. A conversion to plug-in mode involves replacing the stock [[Nickel metal hydride|NiMH]] battery with a higher capacity [[battery pack]] and an on-board AC powered charger to recharge the larger pack from mains power. Reprogramming of the system controller computer is required to encourage deep discharge of the batteries.<br /> <br /> The cost of electricity for a PHEV is about $0.03/mi ($0.019/km) &lt;!-- based on EDrives 35 mile and &lt;1$ full range --&gt; from standard household outlets. Though the [[Honda]] [[Integrated Motor Assist]] (IMA) system does not have low-speed electric-only capability, mixed-mode mileage could be greatly enhanced while displacing some of their gasoline consumption with electricity from external sources. The [[Advanced Hybrid System 2]] (AHS2) could be offered with additional battery capacity and charging capabilities as an option, costing about $3000 if offered by the manufacturer. Although the possibility is fairly remote, [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] or [[DaimlerChrysler]] could potentially effect a marketing coup by producing a markedly more versatile and fuel-efficient [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]; a PHEV.<br /> <br /> Current PHEV conversions install a higher capacity battery than common [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] like the Toyota Prius in order to extend the range. This additional cost is offset by fuel operating cost savings because just $1.00 worth of electricity from the wall (at $0.09/kW·h) will drive you the same distance as a gallon of gasoline. During the year 2006, many government and industry researchers will focus on determining what level of all-electric range is economically optimum for the design.<br /> <br /> While PHEV concepts and research have been neglected for many years by industry and government, strong interest is budding in 2006 to such a level that the architecture has even been included as an area of research in President George W. Bush's Advanced Energy Initiative. The &quot;addiction to oil&quot; mentioned in his 2006 State of the Union Address could be largely eliminated by PHEVs and this fact is the most dramatic advantage of the architecture.<br /> <br /> ==Advantages and Disadvantages==<br /> A 70-mile range HEV-70 may annually require only about 25% as much gasoline as a similarly designed HEV-0, depending on how it will be driven and the trips for which will be used. A further advantage of PHEVs is that they have potential to be even more efficient than their HEV-0 cousins because more limited use of the PHEV's internal combustion engines may allow the engine to be used at closer to its maximum efficiency. While a Prius is likely to convert fuel to motive energy on average at about 30% efficiency (well below the engine's 38% peak efficiency) the engine of a PHEV-70 would likely operate far more often near its peak efficiency because it is not needed during transient operation conditions. These architectures would be highly likely to employ a parallel [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] configuration whereby mechanical engine power is allowed to transfer most efficiently directly to the wheels (when the engine is activated).<br /> <br /> Another advantage of the PHEV architecture is the synergy it offers with biofuels. It has long been understood that crop production in most countries is not sufficient to supply all of the biofuel needs of society, especially when food production is the obvious primary purpose. However, PHEVs dramatically reduce the requirement for liquid fuel to as little as 20% of an equivalent HEV-0. This produces a synergy between PHEVs and biofuels whereby extreme reductions in petroleum usage are possible. For example, [[E85]] which is composed of 85% ethanol stretches petroleum by a factor of about 2.5 today. Combining E85 as the liquid fuel with a PHEV-70 results in a petroleum stetch factor of 10 (2.5 x 4). If an HEV-0 achieves 50 mpg U.S. (4.7 L/100 km), the similar PHEV-70 would develop 500 mpgp (0.47 L/100 km) (petroleum consumption) if fueled by E85.<br /> <br /> Disadvantages include the weight and cost of a larger battery pack. The cost of a battery pack is especially relevant because with current technology battery packs are likely to need to be replaced before the car itself is replaced. Additionally, the mileage gain from a PHEV are highly dependent upon the way a vehicle is used, and the opportunities to recharge by plug. In the most extreme of circumstances a PHEV might get worse mileage than an HEV. For example, in a vehicle being used 24 hours a day for commercial purposes the larger battery capacity (as compared to an HEV) might lack any advantage, while the greater battery weight (than in a corresponding HEV) would reduce mileage. Finally, if the local source of electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, the benefits in terms of reduced CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions could be lost.<br /> <br /> ==Issues for wide-scale commercialisation==<br /> Unlike a conventional [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] electric vehicle current PHEV implementations use the full charge cycle of its battery, which reduces the life of the battery. Mass-produced [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrid]] electric vehicles by design avoid a complete or near complete discharge of the battery. Current PHEV implementations aren't practical on a large scale because of reduced battery life, which is not true of commercial [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]].<br /> <br /> Here are the design issues and trade-offs that need to be solved together:<br /> #Battery life<br /> #Capacity to store electric energy. Affects range, acceleration, and top speed<br /> #Heat dissipation of larger capacity batteries<br /> #Weight issues with increased batteries: slower acceleration, reduced gas mileage, increased strain on system components such as brakes, etc...<br /> #Costs<br /> #Safety<br /> <br /> For example, if the current Prius were made plug-in capable its range would only be a few miles with low acceleration and low top speed.<br /> To solve this one can:<br /> #Increase the number of batteries: Adds weight but only increases range mildly.<br /> #Use the full charge/discharge of a battery: Reduces the life of the battery.<br /> #Use alternative battery technology: Currently expensive, but under heavy research. Life expectancy unknown. For [[Lithium ion battery|lithium-ion (Li-on) batteries]] Toyota reports a heat dissipation issue.[http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]-cx_jf_0530flint.html]<br /> <br /> The next version of the Prius is rumored to use Li-on batteries[http://vtec.net/news/news-item?news_item_id=553701]. This Guardian article suggests it will have plug-in capability with 9 mile range[http://www.guardian.co.uk/japan/story/0,,1743808,00.html].<br /> <br /> ==Prototypes and Conversions==<br /> A number of interesting prototypes have been created, mostly at the [[UC Davis Hybrid Center]] by teams led by Prof. [[Andy Frank]], but there are no production vehicles available at this time (2006). Some independent researchers have demonstrated conversions of vehicles such as the [[Toyota Prius]], while leaving the majority of the stock [[Hybrid Synergy Drive]] intact and unchanged by simply adding battery capacity and a grid charger.<br /> <br /> Motorcycle and small car manufacturer [[Suzuki]] has produced several prototype light sports cars capable of operation in this mode. The first of these used a 400&amp;nbsp;cc motorcycle engine to give a primarily electric vehicle a &quot;limp home&quot; capability. A subsequent model was more capable of general operation over a wide range of conditions and ranges.<br /> <br /> CalCars, a non-profit advocacy and technology development group in California, has converted one 2004 Prius into what it calls a &quot;PRIUS+&quot; as proof of concept. It is now working with EDrive Systems, a new Southern California company that plans to install aftermarket conversions for 2004-2006 Priuses with a target fuel efficiency of 230 mpg (1.0 L/100 km).[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/[[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]_tinkerers;_ylt=Ajsg5s42ZReOhSpJhVs7Zo0DW7oF;_ylu=X3oDMTBiMW04NW9mBHNlYwMlJVRPUCUl] And the Electric Power Research Institute of Palo Alto, along with a number of utilities and government agencies, is working with DaimlerChrysler to deliver three plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrids]] built on the [[Mercedes Sprinter]] platform (a 15-passenger van). The Electric Auto Association is sponsoring the EAA-PHEV project, a &quot;Do-It-Yourself&quot; approach to enable those who are comfortable working with high wattage DC systems to do their own [[Electric vehicle conversion|conversion]].<br /> <br /> Hymotion, a Canadian company, introduced plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] upgrade kits in February 2006. Designed for the Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape and Mariner [[Hybrid Cars|Hybrids]], these kits will be offered to fleet buyers at first and should be available to the general public in 2007.<br /> <br /> ==Battery electric vehicle==<br /> A [[battery electric vehicle]] with a range extending trailer called [[pusher trailer]]s or [[genset trailer]]s might also be considered a plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]]. About 15&amp;nbsp;kW of power is required to maintain freeway speeds in a lightweight EV. This is about one third the power output of the [[Honda Insight|Honda Insight's]] 1&amp;nbsp;L three cylinder ICE. One advantage of this configuration is that the ICE or other [[energy conversion device]] can be tuned to maximize efficiency by running at an ideal constant power level.<br /> <br /> ==Vehicle-to-grid==<br /> Another advantage of a gridable vehicle is their potential ability to load balance or help the grid during peak loads. By using excess battery capacity to send power back into the grid and then recharge during off peak using cheaper power such vehicles are actually advantageous to utilities as well as their owners. This is accomplished with what is known as V2G or [[Vehicle to Grid]] technology. Even if such vehicles just led to an increase in the use of night time electricity they would even out electricity demand (which is typically higher in the day time) and provide a greater '''return on capital''' for electricity infastructure.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.calcars.org/vehicles.html CalCars.org]<br /> ** http://groups.yahoo.com/group/calcars-news<br /> ** [http://www.priusplus.org Prius+: Info on converting Prius to plug in]<br /> *** http://groups.yahoo.com/group/priusplus<br /> * [http://www.daimlerchrysler.com/dccom/0,,0-5-7165-1-456546-1-0-0-0-0-0-243-7165-0-0-0-0-0-0-0,00.html Description of DaimlerChrysler's plug-in [[Hybrid Cars|hybrid]] Sprinter van]<br /> <br /> ===News===<br /> *[http://quote.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000006&amp;sid=aB.YH1WLpQgo&amp;refer=home GM working on plug-in hybrid]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/view.cfm?section=article&amp;storyid=1042 Report from the Advanced Automotive Battery Conference] <br /> * [http://www.forbes.com/2006/05/26/toyota-prius-hybrid-cx_jf_0530flint.html Forbes: Plug-ins aren't practical]<br /> <br /> ===After Market Conversions===<br /> * [http://www.EDriveSystems.com EDriveSystems.com] <br /> * [http://www.Hymotion.com Hymotion.com]<br /> <br /> ===Related Groups===<br /> * [http://www.eaa-phev.org Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Wiki]<br /> * [http://www.hybridconsortium.org]<br /> * [http://www.pluginpartners.com PlugInPartners.com ]<br /> * [http://www.SecureEnergy.org — Oil Crisis Simulations lead to PHEVs]<br /> * [http://www.evworld.com/electrichybrid.cfm Flexible Fuel Electric (Plug-In) Hybrids]</div>

Mckinneym