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Swedish Grand Prix
The Swedish Grand Prix was a round of the Formula One World Championship from 1973 to 1978. It took place at the Scandinavian Raceway in Anderstorp (Gislaved Municipality), about 30km from Jönköping, in Småland, Sweden. The 1930s also saw two races carry the title, the Swedish Summer Grand Prix and an ice race, the Swedish Winter Grand Prix, similar to races held in Estonia, Finland and Norway.
History
Pre-war
While racing in Sweden had a long history it was not until 1931 that a race was first titled Grand Prix. The first Swedish Winter Grand Prix was held on a mammoth 46 kilometre circuit near Lake Rämen, with a lap time of approximately 35 minutes.
In 1933 the first Swedish Summer Grand Prix was held on a 30 kilometre cricuit at Norra Vram, a race which can be better compared to modern Grands Prix. The opening lap saw a multi-car pile-up which saw several drivers injured, two seriously, and a riding mechanic was killed. One of the crashed cars started a fire which saw a nearby house burned to the ground.<ref>[1]</ref> The race continued while emergency services attended the scene and the race was eventually won by Antonio Brivio (Alfa Romeo). Major racing came to a halt after that.<ref>[2]</ref>
1973 Race
Ronnie Peterson's success with Team Lotus was the catalyst for a Swedish Grand Prix and the race was held for the first time in 1973 at the grandly-named Scandinavian Raceway.
Peterson did not disappoint his fans in qualifying, taking pole in his Lotus.
For 70 laps it looked like this was going to be a one-two for Team Lotus with Peterson first and world champion Emerson Fittipaldi second. However disaster struck when Fittipaldi retired with gearbox failure. Meanwhile, Denny Hulme was quickly closing the gap on the lead, Peterson having major trouble with tire wear and fighting to stay on the track.
On the 79th and penultimate lap Hulme was able to pass the local hero to snatch victory, the New Zealander's decision to run harder tires on his McLaren-Cosworth having paid off. Peterson was second. That was as close as any Swede came to winning on home soil.
It is worth noting that during the 1973 season, the Cosworth DFV V8 engine powered to victory in every single race in the 15 race season, a performance never to be repeated.
1974 Race
In 1974 the Swedish Grand Prix was totally dominated by the two Tyrrell-Cosworth 007s of Jody Scheckter and Patrick Depailler. It was the Frenchman who took pole in front of his teammate, however Scheckter beat him by 0.380 sec in the race.
This was the South African's first Grand Prix win.
1975 Race
Niki Lauda often refers to 1975 as "the unbelievable year".
In his second year with the Ramping Horse the team provided him with the Ferrari 312T - a car that was technically far superior to any of the competition. He won his first world title that year with 5 wins and a huge margin over second place in the championship.
At Anderstorp he took his third consecutive win of the season after the Monaco and Belgian Grand Prix.
Qualifying resulted in pole position for Vittorio Brambilla in his March, Lauda qualified fifth fastest and his teammate Clay Regazzoni 11th. In the race Brambilla took the lead, but by lap 16 he was overtaken by Carlos Reutemann's Brabham. Meanwhile, Lauda was steadily progressing through the field and on lap 42 he was second. He put a series of fastest laps , closed on Reutemann and overtook him to win the Grand Prix by 6 seconds. Reutemann finished second with Regazzoni in the second Ferrari 312T third.
1976 Race
The 1976 Swedish GP saw the first (and only) win of a 6-wheel car - the Tyrrell P34. The theory was that its four tiny front wheels would increase mechanical front-end grip – with more rubber on the road – and thus eliminate understeer while at the same time improve cornering and braking.
When it was revealed it was the instant sensation of the 1976 season. The car was a photo opportunity on wheels – six of them, which was precisely why – and must have given Elf more free publicity in the 1976 pre-season and beyond than it garnered during the whole of 1974 and 1975.
Tyrrell's Jody Scheckter took pole, with Patrick Depailler in fourth. In the race the Tyrrells strode imperiously to a crushing one-two. The South African, who when later probed confided that he thought the six-wheeled concept ridiculous, was beaming on the podium.
However the Swedish walkover proved to be a fluke, and the P34 never won a race again.
1977 Race
At Anderstorp, Jacques Laffite in his Gitanes sponsored Ligier-Matra put in a commanding display, romping to victory in the 1977 Swedish GP. France had been put back on the map: that was the first time that a French car with a French engine, backed by a French company, and driven by a French driver had won a Grand Prix.
1978 Race
The 1978 Swedish GP itself being rather uneventful, it was the winning car that created its own footnote in history by dominating the meeting, thus to great lengths contributing to its uneventfulness in the first place.
Responsible for this overwhelming coup was some clever thinking by Brabham's Gordon Murray, who was trying to eclipse Colin Chapman's ground effect invention on the Lotus 79, the skirted car that had swept the front row since its debut at Zolder. Center of the new Brabham BT46B 'Fancar' concept was a huge fan taking ground effect to a higher level (at least engineering-wise) by pulling a vacuum from under the bottom of the car, thereby creating an enormous amount of downforce.
Its legality was soon protested, but it was allowed to race, Niki Lauda and John Watson qualifying 2nd and 3rd behind the Lotus 79 of Mario Andretti. Andretti eventually dropped out due to a broken valve, allowing Lauda into the lead. Once a back-marker dropped oil onto the track, the Brabham was in a race of its own, seemingly unaffected by the slippery surface. Lauda went on to win by 34.6 seconds. The fan car was later voluntarily withdrawn by Brabham, and never raced again. The car had, however, been deemed legal, allowing the win to stand, however, which cost Arrows their chance of victory in their debut season.
Demise
There has been no Swedish Grand Prix after 1978. The deaths in 1978 of both Ronnie Peterson and Gunnar Nilsson contributed to the demise of this round of the world championship, as interest for Formula One in Sweden fell following the death of the two Swedish racers.
Winners of the Swedish Grand Prix
Events which were not part of the Formula One World Championship are indicated by a pink background.
Note: the races before 1973 were formally called the Swedish Summer Grand Prix.
See Also
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